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@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
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+Minimal requerements to compile the Kernel
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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+
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Intro
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=====
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@@ -10,9 +13,9 @@ Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
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'net).
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Current Minimal Requirements
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-============================
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+****************************
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-Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
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+Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
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encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
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running, the suggested command should tell you.
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@@ -21,34 +24,38 @@ running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
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systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
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you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
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-o GNU C 3.2 # gcc --version
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-o GNU make 3.80 # make --version
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-o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
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-o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
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-o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
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-o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
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-o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
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-o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
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-o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
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-o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
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-o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
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-o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
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-o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
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-o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
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-o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
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-o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
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-o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
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-o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
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-o udev 081 # udevd --version
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-o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
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-o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
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-o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
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-o openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 # openssl version
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-o bc 1.06.95 # bc --version
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+====================== =============== ========================================
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+ Program Minimal version Command to check the version
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+====================== =============== ========================================
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+GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
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+GNU make 3.80 make --version
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+binutils 2.12 ld -v
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+util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
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+module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
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+e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
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+jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
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+reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
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+xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
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+squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
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+btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
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+pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
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+quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
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+PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
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+isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
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+nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
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+procps 3.2.0 ps --version
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+oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
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+udev 081 udevd --version
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+grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
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+mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
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+iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
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+openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
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+bc 1.06.95 bc --version
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+====================== =============== ========================================
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Kernel compilation
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-==================
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+******************
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GCC
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---
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@@ -64,16 +71,16 @@ You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
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Binutils
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--------
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-Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
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-assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
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+Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
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+assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
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your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
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release of binutils.
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Perl
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----
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-You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
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-File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
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+You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
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+``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
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BC
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--
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@@ -93,7 +100,7 @@ and higher.
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System utilities
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-================
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+****************
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Architectural changes
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---------------------
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@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
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Util-linux
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----------
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-New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
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+New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
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support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
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types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
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You'll probably want to upgrade.
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@@ -125,54 +132,57 @@ Ksymoops
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If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
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ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
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-It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
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+It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
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that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
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produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
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-is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
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+is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
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reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
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with ksymoops.
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Module-Init-Tools
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-----------------
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-A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
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+A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
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to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
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Mkinitrd
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--------
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-These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
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+These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
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mkinitrd be upgraded.
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E2fsprogs
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---------
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-The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
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+The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
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debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
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JFSutils
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--------
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-The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
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+The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
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The following utilities are available:
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-o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
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+
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+- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
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and repair a JFS formatted partition.
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-o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
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-o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
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+
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+- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
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+
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+- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
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Reiserfsprogs
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-------------
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The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
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(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
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-versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
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-reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
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+versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
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+``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
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Xfsprogs
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--------
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-The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
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-xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
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+The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
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+``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
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architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
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work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
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later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
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@@ -180,7 +190,7 @@ later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
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PCMCIAutils
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-----------
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-PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up
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+PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
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PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
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for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
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subsystem is used.
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@@ -200,17 +210,20 @@ A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
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accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
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udev you may need to:
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-mkdir /dev/cpu
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-mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
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-chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
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+::
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+
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+ mkdir /dev/cpu
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+ mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
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+ chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
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as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
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get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
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udev
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----
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-udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
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-only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
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+
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+``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
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+only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
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functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
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devices.
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@@ -218,10 +231,10 @@ FUSE
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----
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Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
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-options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
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+options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
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Networking
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-==========
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+**********
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General changes
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---------------
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@@ -245,7 +258,9 @@ upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
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If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
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which can be made by:
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-mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
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+::
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+
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+ mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
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as root.
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@@ -260,23 +275,25 @@ NFS-utils
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In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
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about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
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-information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
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-mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
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-would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
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+information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
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+mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
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+would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
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This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
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which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
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-fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
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+fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
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getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
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With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
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when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
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appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
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-dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
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+dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
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currently active clients.
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To enable this new functionality, you need to:
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+::
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+
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mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
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before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
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@@ -287,8 +304,8 @@ mcelog
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------
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On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
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-events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported
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-by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
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+events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
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+reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
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Getting updated software
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========================
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@@ -298,114 +315,141 @@ Kernel compilation
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gcc
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---
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-o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
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+
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+- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
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Make
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----
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-o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
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+
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+- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
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Binutils
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--------
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-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
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+
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+- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
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OpenSSL
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-------
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-o <https://www.openssl.org/>
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+
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+- <https://www.openssl.org/>
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System utilities
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****************
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Util-linux
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----------
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-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
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+
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+- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
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Ksymoops
|
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|
--------
|
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-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
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+
|
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+- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
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|
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|
Module-Init-Tools
|
|
|
-----------------
|
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-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
|
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+
|
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+- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
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|
Mkinitrd
|
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|
--------
|
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|
-o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
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+
|
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+- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
|
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|
E2fsprogs
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
-o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
|
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+
|
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+- <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
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|
JFSutils
|
|
|
--------
|
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|
-o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
|
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+
|
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+- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
|
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Reiserfsprogs
|
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
-o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
|
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+
|
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+- <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
|
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|
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|
Xfsprogs
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
-o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
|
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+
|
|
|
+- <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
|
|
|
|
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|
Pcmciautils
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
|
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+
|
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|
+- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
|
|
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|
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|
Quota-tools
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
-o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
|
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+-----------
|
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+
|
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+- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
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|
DocBook Stylesheets
|
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
-o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
|
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+
|
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|
+- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
XMLTO XSLT Frontend
|
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
-o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
|
|
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+
|
|
|
+- <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intel P6 microcode
|
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
-o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
|
|
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|
|
|
udev
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
-o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
|
|
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+
|
|
|
+- <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
FUSE
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
-o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
|
|
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+
|
|
|
+- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mcelog
|
|
|
------
|
|
|
-o <http://www.mcelog.org/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Networking
|
|
|
**********
|
|
|
|
|
|
PPP
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
-o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Isdn4k-utils
|
|
|
------------
|
|
|
-o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
NFS-utils
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
-o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iptables
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
-o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ip-route2
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
-o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
OProfile
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
-o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
NFS-Utils
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
-o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
|