linux_kernel/tools/perf/builtin-diff.c

/*
 * builtin-diff.c
 *
 * Builtin diff command: Analyze two perf.data input files, look up and read
 * DSOs and symbol information, sort them and produce a diff.
 */
#include "builtin.h"

#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/hist.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/tool.h"
#include "util/sort.h"
#include "util/symbol.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "util/data.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

/* Diff command specific HPP columns. */
enum {
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__BASELINE,
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD,
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD_BASELINE,
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__DELTA,
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__RATIO,
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__WEIGHTED_DIFF,
	PERF_HPP_DIFF__FORMULA,

	PERF_HPP_DIFF__MAX_INDEX
};

struct diff_hpp_fmt {
	struct perf_hpp_fmt	 fmt;
	int			 idx;
	char			*header;
	int			 header_width;
};

struct data__file {
	struct perf_session	*session;
	struct perf_data_file	file;
	int			 idx;
	struct hists		*hists;
	struct diff_hpp_fmt	 fmt[PERF_HPP_DIFF__MAX_INDEX];
};

static struct data__file *data__files;
static int data__files_cnt;

#define data__for_each_file_start(i, d, s)	\
	for (i = s, d = &data__files[s];	\
	     i < data__files_cnt;		\
	     i++, d = &data__files[i])

#define data__for_each_file(i, d) data__for_each_file_start(i, d, 0)
#define data__for_each_file_new(i, d) data__for_each_file_start(i, d, 1)

static bool force;
static bool show_period;
static bool show_formula;
static bool show_baseline_only;
static unsigned int sort_compute;

static s64 compute_wdiff_w1;
static s64 compute_wdiff_w2;

enum {
	COMPUTE_DELTA,
	COMPUTE_RATIO,
	COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF,
	COMPUTE_MAX,
};

const char *compute_names[COMPUTE_MAX] = {
	[COMPUTE_DELTA] = "delta",
	[COMPUTE_RATIO] = "ratio",
	[COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF] = "wdiff",
};

static int compute;

static int compute_2_hpp[COMPUTE_MAX] = {
	[COMPUTE_DELTA]		= PERF_HPP_DIFF__DELTA,
	[COMPUTE_RATIO]		= PERF_HPP_DIFF__RATIO,
	[COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF]	= PERF_HPP_DIFF__WEIGHTED_DIFF,
};

#define MAX_COL_WIDTH 70

static struct header_column {
	const char *name;
	int width;
} columns[PERF_HPP_DIFF__MAX_INDEX] = {
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__BASELINE] = {
		.name  = "Baseline",
	},
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD] = {
		.name  = "Period",
		.width = 14,
	},
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD_BASELINE] = {
		.name  = "Base period",
		.width = 14,
	},
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__DELTA] = {
		.name  = "Delta",
		.width = 7,
	},
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__RATIO] = {
		.name  = "Ratio",
		.width = 14,
	},
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__WEIGHTED_DIFF] = {
		.name  = "Weighted diff",
		.width = 14,
	},
	[PERF_HPP_DIFF__FORMULA] = {
		.name  = "Formula",
		.width = MAX_COL_WIDTH,
	}
};

static int setup_compute_opt_wdiff(char *opt)
{
	char *w1_str = opt;
	char *w2_str;

	int ret = -EINVAL;

	if (!opt)
		goto out;

	w2_str = strchr(opt, ',');
	if (!w2_str)
		goto out;

	*w2_str++ = 0x0;
	if (!*w2_str)
		goto out;

	compute_wdiff_w1 = strtol(w1_str, NULL, 10);
	compute_wdiff_w2 = strtol(w2_str, NULL, 10);

	if (!compute_wdiff_w1 || !compute_wdiff_w2)
		goto out;

	pr_debug("compute wdiff w1(%" PRId64 ") w2(%" PRId64 ")\n",
		  compute_wdiff_w1, compute_wdiff_w2);

	ret = 0;

 out:
	if (ret)
		pr_err("Failed: wrong weight data, use 'wdiff:w1,w2'\n");

	return ret;
}

static int setup_compute_opt(char *opt)
{
	if (compute == COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF)
		return setup_compute_opt_wdiff(opt);

	if (opt) {
		pr_err("Failed: extra option specified '%s'", opt);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int setup_compute(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
			 int unset __maybe_unused)
{
	int *cp = (int *) opt->value;
	char *cstr = (char *) str;
	char buf[50];
	unsigned i;
	char *option;

	if (!str) {
		*cp = COMPUTE_DELTA;
		return 0;
	}

	option = strchr(str, ':');
	if (option) {
		unsigned len = option++ - str;

		/*
		 * The str data are not writeable, so we need
		 * to use another buffer.
		 */

		/* No option value is longer. */
		if (len >= sizeof(buf))
			return -EINVAL;

		strncpy(buf, str, len);
		buf[len] = 0x0;
		cstr = buf;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < COMPUTE_MAX; i++)
		if (!strcmp(cstr, compute_names[i])) {
			*cp = i;
			return setup_compute_opt(option);
		}

	pr_err("Failed: '%s' is not computation method "
	       "(use 'delta','ratio' or 'wdiff')\n", str);
	return -EINVAL;
}

static double period_percent(struct hist_entry *he, u64 period)
{
	u64 total = hists__total_period(he->hists);

	return (period * 100.0) / total;
}

static double compute_delta(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair)
{
	double old_percent = period_percent(he, he->stat.period);
	double new_percent = period_percent(pair, pair->stat.period);

	pair->diff.period_ratio_delta = new_percent - old_percent;
	pair->diff.computed = true;
	return pair->diff.period_ratio_delta;
}

static double compute_ratio(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair)
{
	double old_period = he->stat.period ?: 1;
	double new_period = pair->stat.period;

	pair->diff.computed = true;
	pair->diff.period_ratio = new_period / old_period;
	return pair->diff.period_ratio;
}

static s64 compute_wdiff(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair)
{
	u64 old_period = he->stat.period;
	u64 new_period = pair->stat.period;

	pair->diff.computed = true;
	pair->diff.wdiff = new_period * compute_wdiff_w2 -
			   old_period * compute_wdiff_w1;

	return pair->diff.wdiff;
}

static int formula_delta(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair,
			 char *buf, size_t size)
{
	u64 he_total = he->hists->stats.total_period;
	u64 pair_total = pair->hists->stats.total_period;

	if (symbol_conf.filter_relative) {
		he_total = he->hists->stats.total_non_filtered_period;
		pair_total = pair->hists->stats.total_non_filtered_period;
	}
	return scnprintf(buf, size,
			 "(%" PRIu64 " * 100 / %" PRIu64 ") - "
			 "(%" PRIu64 " * 100 / %" PRIu64 ")",
			 pair->stat.period, pair_total,
			 he->stat.period, he_total);
}

static int formula_ratio(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair,
			 char *buf, size_t size)
{
	double old_period = he->stat.period;
	double new_period = pair->stat.period;

	return scnprintf(buf, size, "%.0F / %.0F", new_period, old_period);
}

static int formula_wdiff(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair,
			 char *buf, size_t size)
{
	u64 old_period = he->stat.period;
	u64 new_period = pair->stat.period;

	return scnprintf(buf, size,
		  "(%" PRIu64 " * " "%" PRId64 ") - (%" PRIu64 " * " "%" PRId64 ")",
		  new_period, compute_wdiff_w2, old_period, compute_wdiff_w1);
}

static int formula_fprintf(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair,
			   char *buf, size_t size)
{
	switch (compute) {
	case COMPUTE_DELTA:
		return formula_delta(he, pair, buf, size);
	case COMPUTE_RATIO:
		return formula_ratio(he, pair, buf, size);
	case COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF:
		return formula_wdiff(he, pair, buf, size);
	default:
		BUG_ON(1);
	}

	return -1;
}

static int hists__add_entry(struct hists *hists,
			    struct addr_location *al,
			    struct perf_sample *sample)
{
	if (__hists__add_entry(hists, al, NULL, NULL, NULL,
			       sample, true) != NULL)
		return 0;
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static int diff__process_sample_event(struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
				      union perf_event *event,
				      struct perf_sample *sample,
				      struct perf_evsel *evsel,
				      struct machine *machine)
{
	struct addr_location al;
	struct hists *hists = evsel__hists(evsel);
	int ret = -1;

	if (perf_event__preprocess_sample(event, machine, &al, sample) < 0) {
		pr_warning("problem processing %d event, skipping it.\n",
			   event->header.type);
		return -1;
	}

	if (hists__add_entry(hists, &al, sample)) {
		pr_warning("problem incrementing symbol period, skipping event\n");
		goto out_put;
	}

	/*
	 * The total_period is updated here before going to the output
	 * tree since normally only the baseline hists will call
	 * hists__output_resort() and precompute needs the total
	 * period in order to sort entries by percentage delta.
	 */
	hists->stats.total_period += sample->period;
	if (!al.filtered)
		hists->stats.total_non_filtered_period += sample->period;
	ret = 0;
out_put:
	addr_location__put(&al);
	return ret;
}

static struct perf_tool tool = {
	.sample	= diff__process_sample_event,
	.mmap	= perf_event__process_mmap,
	.mmap2	= perf_event__process_mmap2,
	.comm	= perf_event__process_comm,
	.exit	= perf_event__process_exit,
	.fork	= perf_event__process_fork,
	.lost	= perf_event__process_lost,
	.ordered_events = true,
	.ordering_requires_timestamps = true,
};

static struct perf_evsel *evsel_match(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
				      struct perf_evlist *evlist)
{
	struct perf_evsel *e;

	evlist__for_each(evlist, e) {
		if (perf_evsel__match2(evsel, e))
			return e;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static void perf_evlist__collapse_resort(struct perf_evlist *evlist)
{
	struct perf_evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each(evlist, evsel) {
		struct hists *hists = evsel__hists(evsel);

		hists__collapse_resort(hists, NULL);
	}
}

static struct data__file *fmt_to_data_file(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt = container_of(fmt, struct diff_hpp_fmt, fmt);
	void *ptr = dfmt - dfmt->idx;
	struct data__file *d = container_of(ptr, struct data__file, fmt);

	return d;
}

static struct hist_entry*
get_pair_data(struct hist_entry *he, struct data__file *d)
{
	if (hist_entry__has_pairs(he)) {
		struct hist_entry *pair;

		list_for_each_entry(pair, &he->pairs.head, pairs.node)
			if (pair->hists == d->hists)
				return pair;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static struct hist_entry*
get_pair_fmt(struct hist_entry *he, struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt)
{
	struct data__file *d = fmt_to_data_file(&dfmt->fmt);

	return get_pair_data(he, d);
}

static void hists__baseline_only(struct hists *hists)
{
	struct rb_root *root;
	struct rb_node *next;

	if (sort__need_collapse)
		root = &hists->entries_collapsed;
	else
		root = hists->entries_in;

	next = rb_first(root);
	while (next != NULL) {
		struct hist_entry *he = rb_entry(next, struct hist_entry, rb_node_in);

		next = rb_next(&he->rb_node_in);
		if (!hist_entry__next_pair(he)) {
			rb_erase(&he->rb_node_in, root);
			hist_entry__delete(he);
		}
	}
}

static void hists__precompute(struct hists *hists)
{
	struct rb_root *root;
	struct rb_node *next;

	if (sort__need_collapse)
		root = &hists->entries_collapsed;
	else
		root = hists->entries_in;

	next = rb_first(root);
	while (next != NULL) {
		struct hist_entry *he, *pair;
		struct data__file *d;
		int i;

		he   = rb_entry(next, struct hist_entry, rb_node_in);
		next = rb_next(&he->rb_node_in);

		data__for_each_file_new(i, d) {
			pair = get_pair_data(he, d);
			if (!pair)
				continue;

			switch (compute) {
			case COMPUTE_DELTA:
				compute_delta(he, pair);
				break;
			case COMPUTE_RATIO:
				compute_ratio(he, pair);
				break;
			case COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF:
				compute_wdiff(he, pair);
				break;
			default:
				BUG_ON(1);
			}
		}
	}
}

static int64_t cmp_doubles(double l, double r)
{
	if (l > r)
		return -1;
	else if (l < r)
		return 1;
	else
		return 0;
}

static int64_t
__hist_entry__cmp_compute(struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right,
			int c)
{
	switch (c) {
	case COMPUTE_DELTA:
	{
		double l = left->diff.period_ratio_delta;
		double r = right->diff.period_ratio_delta;

		return cmp_doubles(l, r);
	}
	case COMPUTE_RATIO:
	{
		double l = left->diff.period_ratio;
		double r = right->diff.period_ratio;

		return cmp_doubles(l, r);
	}
	case COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF:
	{
		s64 l = left->diff.wdiff;
		s64 r = right->diff.wdiff;

		return r - l;
	}
	default:
		BUG_ON(1);
	}

	return 0;
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_compute(struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right,
			int c, int sort_idx)
{
	bool pairs_left  = hist_entry__has_pairs(left);
	bool pairs_right = hist_entry__has_pairs(right);
	struct hist_entry *p_right, *p_left;

	if (!pairs_left && !pairs_right)
		return 0;

	if (!pairs_left || !pairs_right)
		return pairs_left ? -1 : 1;

	p_left  = get_pair_data(left,  &data__files[sort_idx]);
	p_right = get_pair_data(right, &data__files[sort_idx]);

	if (!p_left && !p_right)
		return 0;

	if (!p_left || !p_right)
		return p_left ? -1 : 1;

	/*
	 * We have 2 entries of same kind, let's
	 * make the data comparison.
	 */
	return __hist_entry__cmp_compute(p_left, p_right, c);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_compute_idx(struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right,
			    int c, int sort_idx)
{
	struct hist_entry *p_right, *p_left;

	p_left  = get_pair_data(left,  &data__files[sort_idx]);
	p_right = get_pair_data(right, &data__files[sort_idx]);

	if (!p_left && !p_right)
		return 0;

	if (!p_left || !p_right)
		return p_left ? -1 : 1;

	if (c != COMPUTE_DELTA) {
		/*
		 * The delta can be computed without the baseline, but
		 * others are not.  Put those entries which have no
		 * values below.
		 */
		if (left->dummy && right->dummy)
			return 0;

		if (left->dummy || right->dummy)
			return left->dummy ? 1 : -1;
	}

	return __hist_entry__cmp_compute(p_left, p_right, c);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_nop(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt __maybe_unused,
		    struct hist_entry *left __maybe_unused,
		    struct hist_entry *right __maybe_unused)
{
	return 0;
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_baseline(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt __maybe_unused,
			 struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	if (left->stat.period == right->stat.period)
		return 0;
	return left->stat.period > right->stat.period ? 1 : -1;
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_delta(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
		      struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	struct data__file *d = fmt_to_data_file(fmt);

	return hist_entry__cmp_compute(right, left, COMPUTE_DELTA, d->idx);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_ratio(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
		      struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	struct data__file *d = fmt_to_data_file(fmt);

	return hist_entry__cmp_compute(right, left, COMPUTE_RATIO, d->idx);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_wdiff(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
		      struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	struct data__file *d = fmt_to_data_file(fmt);

	return hist_entry__cmp_compute(right, left, COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF, d->idx);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_delta_idx(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt __maybe_unused,
			  struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	return hist_entry__cmp_compute_idx(right, left, COMPUTE_DELTA,
					   sort_compute);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_ratio_idx(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt __maybe_unused,
			  struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	return hist_entry__cmp_compute_idx(right, left, COMPUTE_RATIO,
					   sort_compute);
}

static int64_t
hist_entry__cmp_wdiff_idx(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt __maybe_unused,
			  struct hist_entry *left, struct hist_entry *right)
{
	return hist_entry__cmp_compute_idx(right, left, COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF,
					   sort_compute);
}

static void hists__process(struct hists *hists)
{
	if (show_baseline_only)
		hists__baseline_only(hists);

	hists__precompute(hists);
	hists__output_resort(hists, NULL);

	hists__fprintf(hists, true, 0, 0, 0, stdout);
}

static void data__fprintf(void)
{
	struct data__file *d;
	int i;

	fprintf(stdout, "# Data files:\n");

	data__for_each_file(i, d)
		fprintf(stdout, "#  [%d] %s %s\n",
			d->idx, d->file.path,
			!d->idx ? "(Baseline)" : "");

	fprintf(stdout, "#\n");
}

static void data_process(void)
{
	struct perf_evlist *evlist_base = data__files[0].session->evlist;
	struct perf_evsel *evsel_base;
	bool first = true;

	evlist__for_each(evlist_base, evsel_base) {
		struct hists *hists_base = evsel__hists(evsel_base);
		struct data__file *d;
		int i;

		data__for_each_file_new(i, d) {
			struct perf_evlist *evlist = d->session->evlist;
			struct perf_evsel *evsel;
			struct hists *hists;

			evsel = evsel_match(evsel_base, evlist);
			if (!evsel)
				continue;

			hists = evsel__hists(evsel);
			d->hists = hists;

			hists__match(hists_base, hists);

			if (!show_baseline_only)
				hists__link(hists_base, hists);
		}

		fprintf(stdout, "%s# Event '%s'\n#\n", first ? "" : "\n",
			perf_evsel__name(evsel_base));

		first = false;

		if (verbose || data__files_cnt > 2)
			data__fprintf();

		/* Don't sort callchain for perf diff */
		perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel_base, CALLCHAIN);

		hists__process(hists_base);
	}
}

static void data__free(struct data__file *d)
{
	int col;

	for (col = 0; col < PERF_HPP_DIFF__MAX_INDEX; col++) {
		struct diff_hpp_fmt *fmt = &d->fmt[col];

		zfree(&fmt->header);
	}
}

static int __cmd_diff(void)
{
	struct data__file *d;
	int ret = -EINVAL, i;

	data__for_each_file(i, d) {
		d->session = perf_session__new(&d->file, false, &tool);
		if (!d->session) {
			pr_err("Failed to open %s\n", d->file.path);
			ret = -1;
			goto out_delete;
		}

		ret = perf_session__process_events(d->session);
		if (ret) {
			pr_err("Failed to process %s\n", d->file.path);
			goto out_delete;
		}

		perf_evlist__collapse_resort(d->session->evlist);
	}

	data_process();

 out_delete:
	data__for_each_file(i, d) {
		if (d->session)
			perf_session__delete(d->session);

		data__free(d);
	}

	free(data__files);
	return ret;
}

static const char * const diff_usage[] = {
	"perf diff [<options>] [old_file] [new_file]",
	NULL,
};

static const struct option options[] = {
	OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
		    "be more verbose (show symbol address, etc)"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "baseline-only", &show_baseline_only,
		    "Show only items with match in baseline"),
	OPT_CALLBACK('c', "compute", &compute,
		     "delta,ratio,wdiff:w1,w2 (default delta)",
		     "Entries differential computation selection",
		     setup_compute),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "period", &show_period,
		    "Show period values."),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('F', "formula", &show_formula,
		    "Show formula."),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('D', "dump-raw-trace", &dump_trace,
		    "dump raw trace in ASCII"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "don't complain, do it"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "kallsyms", &symbol_conf.kallsyms_name,
		   "file", "kallsyms pathname"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modules", &symbol_conf.use_modules,
		    "load module symbols - WARNING: use only with -k and LIVE kernel"),
	OPT_STRING('d', "dsos", &symbol_conf.dso_list_str, "dso[,dso...]",
		   "only consider symbols in these dsos"),
	OPT_STRING('C', "comms", &symbol_conf.comm_list_str, "comm[,comm...]",
		   "only consider symbols in these comms"),
	OPT_STRING('S', "symbols", &symbol_conf.sym_list_str, "symbol[,symbol...]",
		   "only consider these symbols"),
	OPT_STRING('s', "sort", &sort_order, "key[,key2...]",
		   "sort by key(s): pid, comm, dso, symbol, parent, cpu, srcline, ..."
		   " Please refer the man page for the complete list."),
	OPT_STRING_NOEMPTY('t', "field-separator", &symbol_conf.field_sep, "separator",
		   "separator for columns, no spaces will be added between "
		   "columns '.' is reserved."),
	OPT_STRING(0, "symfs", &symbol_conf.symfs, "directory",
		    "Look for files with symbols relative to this directory"),
	OPT_UINTEGER('o', "order", &sort_compute, "Specify compute sorting."),
	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "percentage", NULL, "relative|absolute",
		     "How to display percentage of filtered entries", parse_filter_percentage),
	OPT_END()
};

static double baseline_percent(struct hist_entry *he)
{
	u64 total = hists__total_period(he->hists);

	return 100.0 * he->stat.period / total;
}

static int hpp__color_baseline(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
			       struct perf_hpp *hpp, struct hist_entry *he)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt =
		container_of(fmt, struct diff_hpp_fmt, fmt);
	double percent = baseline_percent(he);
	char pfmt[20] = " ";

	if (!he->dummy) {
		scnprintf(pfmt, 20, "%%%d.2f%%%%", dfmt->header_width - 1);
		return percent_color_snprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size,
					      pfmt, percent);
	} else
		return scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, "%*s",
				 dfmt->header_width, pfmt);
}

static int hpp__entry_baseline(struct hist_entry *he, char *buf, size_t size)
{
	double percent = baseline_percent(he);
	const char *fmt = symbol_conf.field_sep ? "%.2f" : "%6.2f%%";
	int ret = 0;

	if (!he->dummy)
		ret = scnprintf(buf, size, fmt, percent);

	return ret;
}

static int __hpp__color_compare(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
				struct perf_hpp *hpp, struct hist_entry *he,
				int comparison_method)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt =
		container_of(fmt, struct diff_hpp_fmt, fmt);
	struct hist_entry *pair = get_pair_fmt(he, dfmt);
	double diff;
	s64 wdiff;
	char pfmt[20] = " ";

	if (!pair)
		goto no_print;

	switch (comparison_method) {
	case COMPUTE_DELTA:
		if (pair->diff.computed)
			diff = pair->diff.period_ratio_delta;
		else
			diff = compute_delta(he, pair);

		scnprintf(pfmt, 20, "%%%+d.2f%%%%", dfmt->header_width - 1);
		return percent_color_snprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size,
					pfmt, diff);
	case COMPUTE_RATIO:
		if (he->dummy)
			goto dummy_print;
		if (pair->diff.computed)
			diff = pair->diff.period_ratio;
		else
			diff = compute_ratio(he, pair);

		scnprintf(pfmt, 20, "%%%d.6f", dfmt->header_width);
		return value_color_snprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size,
					pfmt, diff);
	case COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF:
		if (he->dummy)
			goto dummy_print;
		if (pair->diff.computed)
			wdiff = pair->diff.wdiff;
		else
			wdiff = compute_wdiff(he, pair);

		scnprintf(pfmt, 20, "%%14ld", dfmt->header_width);
		return color_snprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size,
				get_percent_color(wdiff),
				pfmt, wdiff);
	default:
		BUG_ON(1);
	}
dummy_print:
	return scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, "%*s",
			dfmt->header_width, "N/A");
no_print:
	return scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, "%*s",
			dfmt->header_width, pfmt);
}

static int hpp__color_delta(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
			struct perf_hpp *hpp, struct hist_entry *he)
{
	return __hpp__color_compare(fmt, hpp, he, COMPUTE_DELTA);
}

static int hpp__color_ratio(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
			struct perf_hpp *hpp, struct hist_entry *he)
{
	return __hpp__color_compare(fmt, hpp, he, COMPUTE_RATIO);
}

static int hpp__color_wdiff(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
			struct perf_hpp *hpp, struct hist_entry *he)
{
	return __hpp__color_compare(fmt, hpp, he, COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF);
}

static void
hpp__entry_unpair(struct hist_entry *he, int idx, char *buf, size_t size)
{
	switch (idx) {
	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD_BASELINE:
		scnprintf(buf, size, "%" PRIu64, he->stat.period);
		break;

	default:
		break;
	}
}

static void
hpp__entry_pair(struct hist_entry *he, struct hist_entry *pair,
		int idx, char *buf, size_t size)
{
	double diff;
	double ratio;
	s64 wdiff;

	switch (idx) {
	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__DELTA:
		if (pair->diff.computed)
			diff = pair->diff.period_ratio_delta;
		else
			diff = compute_delta(he, pair);

		scnprintf(buf, size, "%+4.2F%%", diff);
		break;

	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__RATIO:
		/* No point for ratio number if we are dummy.. */
		if (he->dummy) {
			scnprintf(buf, size, "N/A");
			break;
		}

		if (pair->diff.computed)
			ratio = pair->diff.period_ratio;
		else
			ratio = compute_ratio(he, pair);

		if (ratio > 0.0)
			scnprintf(buf, size, "%14.6F", ratio);
		break;

	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__WEIGHTED_DIFF:
		/* No point for wdiff number if we are dummy.. */
		if (he->dummy) {
			scnprintf(buf, size, "N/A");
			break;
		}

		if (pair->diff.computed)
			wdiff = pair->diff.wdiff;
		else
			wdiff = compute_wdiff(he, pair);

		if (wdiff != 0)
			scnprintf(buf, size, "%14ld", wdiff);
		break;

	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__FORMULA:
		formula_fprintf(he, pair, buf, size);
		break;

	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD:
		scnprintf(buf, size, "%" PRIu64, pair->stat.period);
		break;

	default:
		BUG_ON(1);
	};
}

static void
__hpp__entry_global(struct hist_entry *he, struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt,
		    char *buf, size_t size)
{
	struct hist_entry *pair = get_pair_fmt(he, dfmt);
	int idx = dfmt->idx;

	/* baseline is special */
	if (idx == PERF_HPP_DIFF__BASELINE)
		hpp__entry_baseline(he, buf, size);
	else {
		if (pair)
			hpp__entry_pair(he, pair, idx, buf, size);
		else
			hpp__entry_unpair(he, idx, buf, size);
	}
}

static int hpp__entry_global(struct perf_hpp_fmt *_fmt, struct perf_hpp *hpp,
			     struct hist_entry *he)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt =
		container_of(_fmt, struct diff_hpp_fmt, fmt);
	char buf[MAX_COL_WIDTH] = " ";

	__hpp__entry_global(he, dfmt, buf, MAX_COL_WIDTH);

	if (symbol_conf.field_sep)
		return scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, "%s", buf);
	else
		return scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, "%*s",
				 dfmt->header_width, buf);
}

static int hpp__header(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt, struct perf_hpp *hpp,
		       struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt =
		container_of(fmt, struct diff_hpp_fmt, fmt);

	BUG_ON(!dfmt->header);
	return scnprintf(hpp->buf, hpp->size, dfmt->header);
}

static int hpp__width(struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt,
		      struct perf_hpp *hpp __maybe_unused,
		      struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt =
		container_of(fmt, struct diff_hpp_fmt, fmt);

	BUG_ON(dfmt->header_width <= 0);
	return dfmt->header_width;
}

static void init_header(struct data__file *d, struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt)
{
#define MAX_HEADER_NAME 100
	char buf_indent[MAX_HEADER_NAME];
	char buf[MAX_HEADER_NAME];
	const char *header = NULL;
	int width = 0;

	BUG_ON(dfmt->idx >= PERF_HPP_DIFF__MAX_INDEX);
	header = columns[dfmt->idx].name;
	width  = columns[dfmt->idx].width;

	/* Only our defined HPP fmts should appear here. */
	BUG_ON(!header);

	if (data__files_cnt > 2)
		scnprintf(buf, MAX_HEADER_NAME, "%s/%d", header, d->idx);

#define NAME (data__files_cnt > 2 ? buf : header)
	dfmt->header_width = width;
	width = (int) strlen(NAME);
	if (dfmt->header_width < width)
		dfmt->header_width = width;

	scnprintf(buf_indent, MAX_HEADER_NAME, "%*s",
		  dfmt->header_width, NAME);

	dfmt->header = strdup(buf_indent);
#undef MAX_HEADER_NAME
#undef NAME
}

static void data__hpp_register(struct data__file *d, int idx)
{
	struct diff_hpp_fmt *dfmt = &d->fmt[idx];
	struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt = &dfmt->fmt;

	dfmt->idx = idx;

	fmt->header = hpp__header;
	fmt->width  = hpp__width;
	fmt->entry  = hpp__entry_global;
	fmt->cmp    = hist_entry__cmp_nop;
	fmt->collapse = hist_entry__cmp_nop;

	/* TODO more colors */
	switch (idx) {
	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__BASELINE:
		fmt->color = hpp__color_baseline;
		fmt->sort  = hist_entry__cmp_baseline;
		break;
	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__DELTA:
		fmt->color = hpp__color_delta;
		fmt->sort  = hist_entry__cmp_delta;
		break;
	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__RATIO:
		fmt->color = hpp__color_ratio;
		fmt->sort  = hist_entry__cmp_ratio;
		break;
	case PERF_HPP_DIFF__WEIGHTED_DIFF:
		fmt->color = hpp__color_wdiff;
		fmt->sort  = hist_entry__cmp_wdiff;
		break;
	default:
		fmt->sort  = hist_entry__cmp_nop;
		break;
	}

	init_header(d, dfmt);
	perf_hpp__column_register(fmt);
	perf_hpp__register_sort_field(fmt);
}

static int ui_init(void)
{
	struct data__file *d;
	struct perf_hpp_fmt *fmt;
	int i;

	data__for_each_file(i, d) {

		/*
		 * Baseline or compute realted columns:
		 *
		 *   PERF_HPP_DIFF__BASELINE
		 *   PERF_HPP_DIFF__DELTA
		 *   PERF_HPP_DIFF__RATIO
		 *   PERF_HPP_DIFF__WEIGHTED_DIFF
		 */
		data__hpp_register(d, i ? compute_2_hpp[compute] :
					  PERF_HPP_DIFF__BASELINE);

		/*
		 * And the rest:
		 *
		 * PERF_HPP_DIFF__FORMULA
		 * PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD
		 * PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD_BASELINE
		 */
		if (show_formula && i)
			data__hpp_register(d, PERF_HPP_DIFF__FORMULA);

		if (show_period)
			data__hpp_register(d, i ? PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD :
						  PERF_HPP_DIFF__PERIOD_BASELINE);
	}

	if (!sort_compute)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Prepend an fmt to sort on columns at 'sort_compute' first.
	 * This fmt is added only to the sort list but not to the
	 * output fields list.
	 *
	 * Note that this column (data) can be compared twice - one
	 * for this 'sort_compute' fmt and another for the normal
	 * diff_hpp_fmt.  But it shouldn't a problem as most entries
	 * will be sorted out by first try or baseline and comparing
	 * is not a costly operation.
	 */
	fmt = zalloc(sizeof(*fmt));
	if (fmt == NULL) {
		pr_err("Memory allocation failed\n");
		return -1;
	}

	fmt->cmp      = hist_entry__cmp_nop;
	fmt->collapse = hist_entry__cmp_nop;

	switch (compute) {
	case COMPUTE_DELTA:
		fmt->sort = hist_entry__cmp_delta_idx;
		break;
	case COMPUTE_RATIO:
		fmt->sort = hist_entry__cmp_ratio_idx;
		break;
	case COMPUTE_WEIGHTED_DIFF:
		fmt->sort = hist_entry__cmp_wdiff_idx;
		break;
	default:
		BUG_ON(1);
	}

	perf_hpp__register_sort_field(fmt);
	return 0;
}

static int data_init(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	struct data__file *d;
	static const char *defaults[] = {
		"perf.data.old",
		"perf.data",
	};
	bool use_default = true;
	int i;

	data__files_cnt = 2;

	if (argc) {
		if (argc == 1)
			defaults[1] = argv[0];
		else {
			data__files_cnt = argc;
			use_default = false;
		}
	} else if (perf_guest) {
		defaults[0] = "perf.data.host";
		defaults[1] = "perf.data.guest";
	}

	if (sort_compute >= (unsigned int) data__files_cnt) {
		pr_err("Order option out of limit.\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	data__files = zalloc(sizeof(*data__files) * data__files_cnt);
	if (!data__files)
		return -ENOMEM;

	data__for_each_file(i, d) {
		struct perf_data_file *file = &d->file;

		file->path  = use_default ? defaults[i] : argv[i];
		file->mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
		file->force = force,

		d->idx  = i;
	}

	return 0;
}

int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __maybe_unused)
{
	int ret = hists__init();

	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	perf_config(perf_default_config, NULL);

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options, diff_usage, 0);

	if (symbol__init(NULL) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (data_init(argc, argv) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (ui_init() < 0)
		return -1;

	sort__mode = SORT_MODE__DIFF;

	if (setup_sorting(NULL) < 0)
		usage_with_options(diff_usage, options);

	setup_pager();

	sort__setup_elide(NULL);

	return __cmd_diff();
}