ovl: Warn on copy up if a process has a R/O fd open to the lower file

Print a warning when overlayfs copies up a file if the process that
triggered the copy up has a R/O fd open to the lower file being copied up.

This can help catch applications that do things like the following:

	fd1 = open("foo", O_RDONLY);
	fd2 = open("foo", O_RDWR);

where they expect fd1 and fd2 to refer to the same file - which will no
longer be the case post-copy up.

With this patch, the following commands:

	bash 5</mnt/a/foo128
	6<>/mnt/a/foo128

assuming /mnt/a/foo128 to be an un-copied up file on an overlay will
produce the following warning in the kernel log:

	overlayfs: Copying up foo129, but open R/O on fd 5 which will cease
	to be coherent [pid=3818 bash]

This is enabled by setting:

	/sys/module/overlay/parameters/check_copy_up

to 1.

The warnings are ratelimited and are also limited to one warning per file -
assuming the copy up completes in each case.

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * the Free Software Foundation.
  */
 
+#include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/file.h>
@@ -16,10 +17,41 @@
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/fdtable.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include "overlayfs.h"
 
 #define OVL_COPY_UP_CHUNK_SIZE (1 << 20)
 
+static bool __read_mostly ovl_check_copy_up;
+module_param_named(check_copy_up, ovl_check_copy_up, bool,
+		   S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(ovl_check_copy_up,
+		 "Warn on copy-up when causing process also has a R/O fd open");
+
+static int ovl_check_fd(const void *data, struct file *f, unsigned int fd)
+{
+	const struct dentry *dentry = data;
+
+	if (f->f_inode == d_inode(dentry))
+		pr_warn_ratelimited("overlayfs: Warning: Copying up %pD, but open R/O on fd %u which will cease to be coherent [pid=%d %s]\n",
+				    f, fd, current->pid, current->comm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the fds open by this process and warn if something like the following
+ * scenario is about to occur:
+ *
+ *	fd1 = open("foo", O_RDONLY);
+ *	fd2 = open("foo", O_RDWR);
+ */
+static void ovl_do_check_copy_up(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	if (ovl_check_copy_up)
+		iterate_fd(current->files, 0, ovl_check_fd, dentry);
+}
+
 int ovl_copy_xattr(struct dentry *old, struct dentry *new)
 {
 	ssize_t list_size, size, value_size = 0;
@@ -309,6 +341,8 @@ int ovl_copy_up_one(struct dentry *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
 	if (WARN_ON(!workdir))
 		return -EROFS;
 
+	ovl_do_check_copy_up(lowerpath->dentry);
+
 	ovl_path_upper(parent, &parentpath);
 	upperdir = parentpath.dentry;