Btrfs: fix race between block group relocation and nocow writes

Relocation of a block group waits for all existing tasks flushing
dellaloc, starting direct IO writes and any ordered extents before
starting the relocation process. However for direct IO writes that end
up doing nocow (inode either has the flag nodatacow set or the write is
against a prealloc extent) we have a short time window that allows for a
race that makes relocation proceed without waiting for the direct IO
write to complete first, resulting in data loss after the relocation
finishes. This is illustrated by the following diagram:

           CPU 1                                     CPU 2

 btrfs_relocate_block_group(bg X)

                                               direct IO write starts against
                                               an extent in block group X
                                               using nocow mode (inode has the
                                               nodatacow flag or the write is
                                               for a prealloc extent)

                                               btrfs_direct_IO()
                                                 btrfs_get_blocks_direct()
                                                   --> can_nocow_extent() returns 1

   btrfs_inc_block_group_ro(bg X)
     --> turns block group into RO mode

   btrfs_wait_ordered_roots()
     --> returns and does not know about
         the DIO write happening at CPU 2
         (the task there has not created
          yet an ordered extent)

   relocate_block_group(bg X)
     --> rc->stage == MOVE_DATA_EXTENTS

     find_next_extent()
       --> returns extent that the DIO
           write is going to write to

     relocate_data_extent()

       relocate_file_extent_cluster()

         --> reads the extent from disk into
             pages belonging to the relocation
             inode and dirties them

                                                   --> creates DIO ordered extent

                                                 btrfs_submit_direct()
                                                   --> submits bio against a location
                                                       on disk obtained from an extent
                                                       map before the relocation started

   btrfs_wait_ordered_range()
     --> writes all the pages read before
         to disk (belonging to the
         relocation inode)

   relocation finishes

                                                 bio completes and wrote new data
                                                 to the old location of the block
                                                 group

So fix this by tracking the number of nocow writers for a block group and
make sure relocation waits for that number to go down to 0 before starting
to move the extents.

The same race can also happen with buffered writes in nocow mode since the
patch I recently made titled "Btrfs: don't do unnecessary delalloc flushes
when relocating", because we are no longer flushing all delalloc which
served as a synchonization mechanism (due to page locking) and ensured
the ordered extents for nocow buffered writes were created before we
called btrfs_wait_ordered_roots(). The race with direct IO writes in nocow
mode existed before that patch (no pages are locked or used during direct
IO) and that fixed only races with direct IO writes that do cow.

Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>

fs/btrfs/ctree.h

@@ -1419,6 +1419,16 @@ struct btrfs_block_group_cache {
 	 */
 	atomic_t reservations;
 
+	/*
+	 * Incremented while holding the spinlock *lock* by a task checking if
+	 * it can perform a nocow write (incremented if the value for the *ro*
+	 * field is 0). Decremented by such tasks once they create an ordered
+	 * extent or before that if some error happens before reaching that step.
+	 * This is to prevent races between block group relocation and nocow
+	 * writes through direct IO.
+	 */
+	atomic_t nocow_writers;
+
 	/* Lock for free space tree operations. */
 	struct mutex free_space_lock;
 
@@ -3513,6 +3523,9 @@ int btrfs_check_space_for_delayed_refs(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 void btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
 					 const u64 start);
 void btrfs_wait_block_group_reservations(struct btrfs_block_group_cache *bg);
+bool btrfs_inc_nocow_writers(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr);
+void btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr);
+void btrfs_wait_nocow_writers(struct btrfs_block_group_cache *bg);
 void btrfs_put_block_group(struct btrfs_block_group_cache *cache);
 int btrfs_run_delayed_refs(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			   struct btrfs_root *root, unsigned long count);

fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c

@@ -3824,6 +3824,59 @@ int btrfs_extent_readonly(struct btrfs_root *root, u64 bytenr)
 	return readonly;
 }
 
+bool btrfs_inc_nocow_writers(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr)
+{
+	struct btrfs_block_group_cache *bg;
+	bool ret = true;
+
+	bg = btrfs_lookup_block_group(fs_info, bytenr);
+	if (!bg)
+		return false;
+
+	spin_lock(&bg->lock);
+	if (bg->ro)
+		ret = false;
+	else
+		atomic_inc(&bg->nocow_writers);
+	spin_unlock(&bg->lock);
+
+	/* no put on block group, done by btrfs_dec_nocow_writers */
+	if (!ret)
+		btrfs_put_block_group(bg);
+
+	return ret;
+
+}
+
+void btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr)
+{
+	struct btrfs_block_group_cache *bg;
+
+	bg = btrfs_lookup_block_group(fs_info, bytenr);
+	ASSERT(bg);
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&bg->nocow_writers))
+		wake_up_atomic_t(&bg->nocow_writers);
+	/*
+	 * Once for our lookup and once for the lookup done by a previous call
+	 * to btrfs_inc_nocow_writers()
+	 */
+	btrfs_put_block_group(bg);
+	btrfs_put_block_group(bg);
+}
+
+static int btrfs_wait_nocow_writers_atomic_t(atomic_t *a)
+{
+	schedule();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void btrfs_wait_nocow_writers(struct btrfs_block_group_cache *bg)
+{
+	wait_on_atomic_t(&bg->nocow_writers,
+			 btrfs_wait_nocow_writers_atomic_t,
+			 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+}
+
 static const char *alloc_name(u64 flags)
 {
 	switch (flags) {

fs/btrfs/inode.c

@@ -1382,6 +1382,9 @@ next_slot:
 			 */
 			if (csum_exist_in_range(root, disk_bytenr, num_bytes))
 				goto out_check;
+			if (!btrfs_inc_nocow_writers(root->fs_info,
+						     disk_bytenr))
+				goto out_check;
 			nocow = 1;
 		} else if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
 			extent_end = found_key.offset +
@@ -1396,6 +1399,9 @@ out_check:
 			path->slots[0]++;
 			if (!nolock && nocow)
 				btrfs_end_write_no_snapshoting(root);
+			if (nocow)
+				btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(root->fs_info,
+							disk_bytenr);
 			goto next_slot;
 		}
 		if (!nocow) {
@@ -1416,6 +1422,9 @@ out_check:
 			if (ret) {
 				if (!nolock && nocow)
 					btrfs_end_write_no_snapshoting(root);
+				if (nocow)
+					btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(root->fs_info,
+								disk_bytenr);
 				goto error;
 			}
 			cow_start = (u64)-1;
@@ -1458,6 +1467,8 @@ out_check:
 
 		ret = btrfs_add_ordered_extent(inode, cur_offset, disk_bytenr,
 					       num_bytes, num_bytes, type);
+		if (nocow)
+			btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(root->fs_info, disk_bytenr);
 		BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
 
 		if (root->root_key.objectid ==
@@ -7657,7 +7668,8 @@ static int btrfs_get_blocks_direct(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
 		block_start = em->block_start + (start - em->start);
 
 		if (can_nocow_extent(inode, start, &len, &orig_start,
-				     &orig_block_len, &ram_bytes) == 1) {
+				     &orig_block_len, &ram_bytes) == 1 &&
+		    btrfs_inc_nocow_writers(root->fs_info, block_start)) {
 
 			/*
 			 * Create the ordered extent before the extent map. This
@@ -7672,6 +7684,7 @@ static int btrfs_get_blocks_direct(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
 			 */
 			ret = btrfs_add_ordered_extent_dio(inode, start,
 					   block_start, len, len, type);
+			btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(root->fs_info, block_start);
 			if (ret) {
 				free_extent_map(em);
 				goto unlock_err;

fs/btrfs/relocation.c

@@ -4255,6 +4255,7 @@ int btrfs_relocate_block_group(struct btrfs_root *extent_root, u64 group_start)
 	       rc->block_group->key.objectid, rc->block_group->flags);
 
 	btrfs_wait_block_group_reservations(rc->block_group);
+	btrfs_wait_nocow_writers(rc->block_group);
 	btrfs_wait_ordered_roots(fs_info, -1,
 				 rc->block_group->key.objectid,
 				 rc->block_group->key.offset);