time, signal: Protect resource use statistics with seqlock

Both times() and clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) have scalability
issues on large systems, due to both functions being serialized with a
lock.

The lock protects against reporting a wrong value, due to a thread in the
task group exiting, its statistics reporting up to the signal struct, and
that exited task's statistics being counted twice (or not at all).

Protecting that with a lock results in times() and clock_gettime() being
completely serialized on large systems.

This can be fixed by using a seqlock around the events that gather and
propagate statistics. As an additional benefit, the protection code can
be moved into thread_group_cputime(), slightly simplifying the calling
functions.

In the case of posix_cpu_clock_get_task() things can be simplified a
lot, because the calling function already ensures that the task sticks
around, and the rest is now taken care of in thread_group_cputime().

This way the statistics reporting code can run lockless.

Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Daeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dongsheng Yang <yangds.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Guillaume Morin <guillaume@morinfr.org>
Cc: Ionut Alexa <ionut.m.alexa@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Schmidt <mschmidt@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: srao@redhat.com
Cc: lwoodman@redhat.com
Cc: atheurer@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140816134010.26a9b572@annuminas.surriel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

include/linux/sched.h

@@ -645,6 +645,7 @@ struct signal_struct {
 	 * Live threads maintain their own counters and add to these
 	 * in __exit_signal, except for the group leader.
 	 */
+	seqlock_t stats_lock;
 	cputime_t utime, stime, cutime, cstime;
 	cputime_t gtime;
 	cputime_t cgtime;

kernel/exit.c

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	 * the signal_struct.
 	 */
 	task_cputime(tsk, &utime, &stime);
+	write_seqlock(&sig->stats_lock);
 	sig->utime += utime;
 	sig->stime += stime;
 	sig->gtime += task_gtime(tsk);
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	sig->sum_sched_runtime += tsk->se.sum_exec_runtime;
 	sig->nr_threads--;
 	__unhash_process(tsk, group_dead);
+	write_sequnlock(&sig->stats_lock);
 
 	/*
 	 * Do this under ->siglock, we can race with another thread
@@ -1042,6 +1044,7 @@ static int wait_task_zombie(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
 		spin_lock_irq(&p->real_parent->sighand->siglock);
 		psig = p->real_parent->signal;
 		sig = p->signal;
+		write_seqlock(&psig->stats_lock);
 		psig->cutime += tgutime + sig->cutime;
 		psig->cstime += tgstime + sig->cstime;
 		psig->cgtime += task_gtime(p) + sig->gtime + sig->cgtime;
@@ -1064,6 +1067,7 @@ static int wait_task_zombie(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
 			psig->cmaxrss = maxrss;
 		task_io_accounting_add(&psig->ioac, &p->ioac);
 		task_io_accounting_add(&psig->ioac, &sig->ioac);
+		write_sequnlock(&psig->stats_lock);
 		spin_unlock_irq(&p->real_parent->sighand->siglock);
 	}
 

kernel/fork.c

@@ -1068,6 +1068,7 @@ static int copy_signal(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 	sig->curr_target = tsk;
 	init_sigpending(&sig->shared_pending);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sig->posix_timers);
+	seqlock_init(&sig->stats_lock);
 
 	hrtimer_init(&sig->real_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
 	sig->real_timer.function = it_real_fn;

kernel/sched/cputime.c

@@ -288,18 +288,28 @@ void thread_group_cputime(struct task_struct *tsk, struct task_cputime *times)
 	struct signal_struct *sig = tsk->signal;
 	cputime_t utime, stime;
 	struct task_struct *t;
-
-	times->utime = sig->utime;
-	times->stime = sig->stime;
-	times->sum_exec_runtime = sig->sum_sched_runtime;
+	unsigned int seq, nextseq;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
-	for_each_thread(tsk, t) {
-		task_cputime(t, &utime, &stime);
-		times->utime += utime;
-		times->stime += stime;
-		times->sum_exec_runtime += task_sched_runtime(t);
-	}
+	/* Attempt a lockless read on the first round. */
+	nextseq = 0;
+	do {
+		seq = nextseq;
+		read_seqbegin_or_lock(&sig->stats_lock, &seq);
+		times->utime = sig->utime;
+		times->stime = sig->stime;
+		times->sum_exec_runtime = sig->sum_sched_runtime;
+
+		for_each_thread(tsk, t) {
+			task_cputime(t, &utime, &stime);
+			times->utime += utime;
+			times->stime += stime;
+			times->sum_exec_runtime += task_sched_runtime(t);
+		}
+		/* If lockless access failed, take the lock. */
+		nextseq = 1;
+	} while (need_seqretry(&sig->stats_lock, seq));
+	done_seqretry(&sig->stats_lock, seq);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
 
@@ -611,9 +621,6 @@ void task_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st)
 	cputime_adjust(&cputime, &p->prev_cputime, ut, st);
 }
 
-/*
- * Must be called with siglock held.
- */
 void thread_group_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st)
 {
 	struct task_cputime cputime;

kernel/sys.c

@@ -862,11 +862,9 @@ void do_sys_times(struct tms *tms)
 {
 	cputime_t tgutime, tgstime, cutime, cstime;
 
-	spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
 	thread_group_cputime_adjusted(current, &tgutime, &tgstime);
 	cutime = current->signal->cutime;
 	cstime = current->signal->cstime;
-	spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
 	tms->tms_utime = cputime_to_clock_t(tgutime);
 	tms->tms_stime = cputime_to_clock_t(tgstime);
 	tms->tms_cutime = cputime_to_clock_t(cutime);

kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c

@@ -272,22 +272,8 @@ static int posix_cpu_clock_get_task(struct task_struct *tsk,
 		if (same_thread_group(tsk, current))
 			err = cpu_clock_sample(which_clock, tsk, &rtn);
 	} else {
-		unsigned long flags;
-		struct sighand_struct *sighand;
-
-		/*
-		 * while_each_thread() is not yet entirely RCU safe,
-		 * keep locking the group while sampling process
-		 * clock for now.
-		 */
-		sighand = lock_task_sighand(tsk, &flags);
-		if (!sighand)
-			return err;
-
 		if (tsk == current || thread_group_leader(tsk))
 			err = cpu_clock_sample_group(which_clock, tsk, &rtn);
-
-		unlock_task_sighand(tsk, &flags);
 	}
 
 	if (!err)