netlink: Replace rhash_portid with bound

On Mon, Sep 21, 2015 at 02:20:22PM -0400, Tejun Heo wrote:
>
> store_release and load_acquire are different from the usual memory
> barriers and can't be paired this way.  You have to pair store_release
> and load_acquire.  Besides, it isn't a particularly good idea to

OK I've decided to drop the acquire/release helpers as they don't
help us at all and simply pessimises the code by using full memory
barriers (on some architectures) where only a write or read barrier
is needed.

> depend on memory barriers embedded in other data structures like the
> above.  Here, especially, rhashtable_insert() would have write barrier
> *before* the entry is hashed not necessarily *after*, which means that
> in the above case, a socket which appears to have set bound to a
> reader might not visible when the reader tries to look up the socket
> on the hashtable.

But you are right we do need an explicit write barrier here to
ensure that the hashing is visible.

> There's no reason to be overly smart here.  This isn't a crazy hot
> path, write barriers tend to be very cheap, store_release more so.
> Please just do smp_store_release() and note what it's paired with.

It's not about being overly smart.  It's about actually understanding
what's going on with the code.  I've seen too many instances of
people simply sprinkling synchronisation primitives around without
any knowledge of what is happening underneath, which is just a recipe
for creating hard-to-debug races.

> > @@ -1539,7 +1546,7 @@ static int netlink_bind(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *addr,
> >  		}
> >  	}
> >
> > -	if (!nlk->portid) {
> > +	if (!nlk->bound) {
>
> I don't think you can skip load_acquire here just because this is the
> second deref of the variable.  That doesn't change anything.  Race
> condition could still happen between the first and second tests and
> skipping the second would lead to the same kind of bug.

The reason this one is OK is because we do not use nlk->portid or
try to get nlk from the hash table before we return to user-space.

However, there is a real bug here that none of these acquire/release
helpers discovered.  The two bound tests here used to be a single
one.  Now that they are separate it is entirely possible for another
thread to come in the middle and bind the socket.  So we need to
repeat the portid check in order to maintain consistency.

> > @@ -1587,7 +1594,7 @@ static int netlink_connect(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *addr,
> >  	    !netlink_allowed(sock, NL_CFG_F_NONROOT_SEND))
> >  		return -EPERM;
> >
> > -	if (!nlk->portid)
> > +	if (!nlk->bound)
>
> Don't we need load_acquire here too?  Is this path holding a lock
> which makes that unnecessary?

Ditto.

---8<---
The commit 1f770c0a09da855a2b51af6d19de97fb955eca85 ("netlink:
Fix autobind race condition that leads to zero port ID") created
some new races that can occur due to inconcsistencies between the
two port IDs.

Tejun is right that a barrier is unavoidable.  Therefore I am
reverting to the original patch that used a boolean to indicate
that a user netlink socket has been bound.

Barriers have been added where necessary to ensure that a valid
portid and the hashed socket is visible.

I have also changed netlink_insert to only return EBUSY if the
socket is bound to a portid different to the requested one.  This
combined with only reading nlk->bound once in netlink_bind fixes
a race where two threads that bind the socket at the same time
with different port IDs may both succeed.

Fixes: 1f770c0a09da ("netlink: Fix autobind race condition that leads to zero port ID")
Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Nacked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

net/netlink/af_netlink.c

@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ static inline int netlink_compare(struct rhashtable_compare_arg *arg,
 	const struct netlink_compare_arg *x = arg->key;
 	const struct netlink_sock *nlk = ptr;
 
-	return nlk->rhash_portid != x->portid ||
+	return nlk->portid != x->portid ||
 	       !net_eq(sock_net(&nlk->sk), read_pnet(&x->pnet));
 }
 
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ static int __netlink_insert(struct netlink_table *table, struct sock *sk)
 {
 	struct netlink_compare_arg arg;
 
-	netlink_compare_arg_init(&arg, sock_net(sk), nlk_sk(sk)->rhash_portid);
+	netlink_compare_arg_init(&arg, sock_net(sk), nlk_sk(sk)->portid);
 	return rhashtable_lookup_insert_key(&table->hash, &arg,
 					    &nlk_sk(sk)->node,
 					    netlink_rhashtable_params);
@@ -1110,8 +1110,8 @@ static int netlink_insert(struct sock *sk, u32 portid)
 
 	lock_sock(sk);
 
-	err = -EBUSY;
-	if (nlk_sk(sk)->portid)
+	err = nlk_sk(sk)->portid == portid ? 0 : -EBUSY;
+	if (nlk_sk(sk)->bound)
 		goto err;
 
 	err = -ENOMEM;
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ static int netlink_insert(struct sock *sk, u32 portid)
 	    unlikely(atomic_read(&table->hash.nelems) >= UINT_MAX))
 		goto err;
 
-	nlk_sk(sk)->rhash_portid = portid;
+	nlk_sk(sk)->portid = portid;
 	sock_hold(sk);
 
 	err = __netlink_insert(table, sk);
@@ -1135,7 +1135,9 @@ static int netlink_insert(struct sock *sk, u32 portid)
 		goto err;
 	}
 
-	nlk_sk(sk)->portid = portid;
+	/* We need to ensure that the socket is hashed and visible. */
+	smp_wmb();
+	nlk_sk(sk)->bound = portid;
 
 err:
 	release_sock(sk);
@@ -1521,6 +1523,7 @@ static int netlink_bind(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *addr,
 	struct sockaddr_nl *nladdr = (struct sockaddr_nl *)addr;
 	int err;
 	long unsigned int groups = nladdr->nl_groups;
+	bool bound;
 
 	if (addr_len < sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1537,9 +1540,14 @@ static int netlink_bind(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *addr,
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	if (nlk->portid)
+	bound = nlk->bound;
+	if (bound) {
+		/* Ensure nlk->portid is up-to-date. */
+		smp_rmb();
+
 		if (nladdr->nl_pid != nlk->portid)
 			return -EINVAL;
+	}
 
 	if (nlk->netlink_bind && groups) {
 		int group;
@@ -1555,7 +1563,10 @@ static int netlink_bind(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *addr,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!nlk->portid) {
+	/* No need for barriers here as we return to user-space without
+	 * using any of the bound attributes.
+	 */
+	if (!bound) {
 		err = nladdr->nl_pid ?
 			netlink_insert(sk, nladdr->nl_pid) :
 			netlink_autobind(sock);
@@ -1603,7 +1614,10 @@ static int netlink_connect(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *addr,
 	    !netlink_allowed(sock, NL_CFG_F_NONROOT_SEND))
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	if (!nlk->portid)
+	/* No need for barriers here as we return to user-space without
+	 * using any of the bound attributes.
+	 */
+	if (!nlk->bound)
 		err = netlink_autobind(sock);
 
 	if (err == 0) {
@@ -2444,10 +2458,13 @@ static int netlink_sendmsg(struct socket *sock, struct msghdr *msg, size_t len)
 		dst_group = nlk->dst_group;
 	}
 
-	if (!nlk->portid) {
+	if (!nlk->bound) {
 		err = netlink_autobind(sock);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
+	} else {
+		/* Ensure nlk is hashed and visible. */
+		smp_rmb();
 	}
 
 	/* It's a really convoluted way for userland to ask for mmaped
@@ -3273,7 +3290,7 @@ static inline u32 netlink_hash(const void *data, u32 len, u32 seed)
 	const struct netlink_sock *nlk = data;
 	struct netlink_compare_arg arg;
 
-	netlink_compare_arg_init(&arg, sock_net(&nlk->sk), nlk->rhash_portid);
+	netlink_compare_arg_init(&arg, sock_net(&nlk->sk), nlk->portid);
 	return jhash2((u32 *)&arg, netlink_compare_arg_len / sizeof(u32), seed);
 }
 

net/netlink/af_netlink.h

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ struct netlink_ring {
 struct netlink_sock {
 	/* struct sock has to be the first member of netlink_sock */
 	struct sock		sk;
-	u32			rhash_portid;
 	u32			portid;
 	u32			dst_portid;
 	u32			dst_group;
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ struct netlink_sock {
 	unsigned long		state;
 	size_t			max_recvmsg_len;
 	wait_queue_head_t	wait;
+	bool			bound;
 	bool			cb_running;
 	struct netlink_callback	cb;
 	struct mutex		*cb_mutex;