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-Classes
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--------
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-
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- "Class" is a complete routing table in common sense.
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- I.e. it is tree of nodes (destination prefix, tos, metric)
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- with attached information: gateway, device etc.
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- This tree is looked up as specified in RFC1812 5.2.4.3
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- 1. Basic match
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- 2. Longest match
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- 3. Weak TOS.
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- 4. Metric. (should not be in kernel space, but they are)
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- 5. Additional pruning rules. (not in kernel space).
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-
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- We have two special type of nodes:
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- REJECT - abort route lookup and return an error value.
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- THROW - abort route lookup in this class.
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-
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-
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- Currently the number of classes is limited to 255
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- (0 is reserved for "not specified class")
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-
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- Three classes are builtin:
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-
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- RT_CLASS_LOCAL=255 - local interface addresses,
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- broadcasts, nat addresses.
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-
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- RT_CLASS_MAIN=254 - all normal routes are put there
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- by default.
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-
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- RT_CLASS_DEFAULT=253 - if ip_fib_model==1, then
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- normal default routes are put there, if ip_fib_model==2
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- all gateway routes are put there.
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-
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-
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-Rules
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------
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- Rule is a record of (src prefix, src interface, tos, dst prefix)
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- with attached information.
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-
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- Rule types:
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- RTP_ROUTE - lookup in attached class
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- RTP_NAT - lookup in attached class and if a match is found,
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- translate packet source address.
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- RTP_MASQUERADE - lookup in attached class and if a match is found,
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- masquerade packet as sourced by us.
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- RTP_DROP - silently drop the packet.
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- RTP_REJECT - drop the packet and send ICMP NET UNREACHABLE.
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- RTP_PROHIBIT - drop the packet and send ICMP COMM. ADM. PROHIBITED.
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-
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- Rule flags:
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- RTRF_LOG - log route creations.
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- RTRF_VALVE - One way route (used with masquerading)
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-
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-Default setup:
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-
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-root@amber:/pub/ip-routing # iproute -r
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-Kernel routing policy rules
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-Pref Source Destination TOS Iface Cl
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- 0 default default 00 * 255
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- 254 default default 00 * 254
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- 255 default default 00 * 253
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-
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-
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-Lookup algorithm
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-----------------
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-
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- We scan rules list, and if a rule is matched, apply it.
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- If a route is found, return it.
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- If it is not found or a THROW node was matched, continue
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- to scan rules.
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-
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-Applications
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-------------
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-
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-1. Just ignore classes. All the routes are put into MAIN class
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- (and/or into DEFAULT class).
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-
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- HOWTO: iproute add PREFIX [ tos TOS ] [ gw GW ] [ dev DEV ]
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- [ metric METRIC ] [ reject ] ... (look at iproute utility)
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-
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- or use route utility from current net-tools.
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-
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-2. Opposite case. Just forget all that you know about routing
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- tables. Every rule is supplied with its own gateway, device
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- info. record. This approach is not appropriate for automated
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- route maintenance, but it is ideal for manual configuration.
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-
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- HOWTO: iproute addrule [ from PREFIX ] [ to PREFIX ] [ tos TOS ]
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- [ dev INPUTDEV] [ pref PREFERENCE ] route [ gw GATEWAY ]
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- [ dev OUTDEV ] .....
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-
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- Warning: As of now the size of the routing table in this
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- approach is limited to 256. If someone likes this model, I'll
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- relax this limitation.
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-
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-3. OSPF classes (see RFC1583, RFC1812 E.3.3)
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- Very clean, stable and robust algorithm for OSPF routing
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- domains. Unfortunately, it is not widely used in the Internet.
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-
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- Proposed setup:
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- 255 local addresses
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- 254 interface routes
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- 253 ASE routes with external metric
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- 252 ASE routes with internal metric
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- 251 inter-area routes
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- 250 intra-area routes for 1st area
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- 249 intra-area routes for 2nd area
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- etc.
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-
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- Rules:
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- iproute addrule class 253
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- iproute addrule class 252
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- iproute addrule class 251
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- iproute addrule to a-prefix-for-1st-area class 250
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- iproute addrule to another-prefix-for-1st-area class 250
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- ...
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- iproute addrule to a-prefix-for-2nd-area class 249
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- ...
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-
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- Area classes must be terminated with reject record.
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- iproute add default reject class 250
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- iproute add default reject class 249
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- ...
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-
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-4. The Variant Router Requirements Algorithm (RFC1812 E.3.2)
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- Create 16 classes for different TOS values.
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- It is a funny, but pretty useless algorithm.
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- I listed it just to show the power of new routing code.
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-
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-5. All the variety of combinations......
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-
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-
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-GATED
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------
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-
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- Gated does not understand classes, but it will work
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- happily in MAIN+DEFAULT. All policy routes can be set
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- and maintained manually.
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-
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-IMPORTANT NOTE
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---------------
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- route.c has a compilation time switch CONFIG_IP_LOCAL_RT_POLICY.
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- If it is set, locally originated packets are routed
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- using all the policy list. This is not very convenient and
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- pretty ambiguous when used with NAT and masquerading.
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- I set it to FALSE by default.
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-
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-
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-Alexey Kuznetov
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-kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru
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