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@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
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+Linux magic numbers
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+===================
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+
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This file is a registry of magic numbers which are in use. When you
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add a magic number to a structure, you should also add it to this
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file, since it is best if the magic numbers used by various structures
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are unique.
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-It is a *very* good idea to protect kernel data structures with magic
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+It is a **very** good idea to protect kernel data structures with magic
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numbers. This allows you to check at run time whether (a) a structure
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has been clobbered, or (b) you've passed the wrong structure to a
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routine. This last is especially useful --- particularly when you are
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@@ -12,12 +15,12 @@ for example, does this frequently to pass driver-specific and line
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discipline-specific structures back and forth.
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The way to use magic numbers is to declare then at the beginning of
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-the structure, like so:
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+the structure, like so::
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-struct tty_ldisc {
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- int magic;
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- ...
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-};
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+ struct tty_ldisc {
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+ int magic;
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+ ...
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+ };
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Please follow this discipline when you are adding future enhancements
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to the kernel! It has saved me countless hours of debugging,
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@@ -25,134 +28,137 @@ especially in the screwy cases where an array has been overrun and
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structures following the array have been overwritten. Using this
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discipline, these cases get detected quickly and safely.
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+Changelog::
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+
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Theodore Ts'o
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31 Mar 94
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-The magic table is current to Linux 2.1.55.
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+ The magic table is current to Linux 2.1.55.
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Michael Chastain
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<mailto:mec@shout.net>
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22 Sep 1997
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-Now it should be up to date with Linux 2.1.112. Because
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-we are in feature freeze time it is very unlikely that
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-something will change before 2.2.x. The entries are
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-sorted by number field.
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+ Now it should be up to date with Linux 2.1.112. Because
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+ we are in feature freeze time it is very unlikely that
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+ something will change before 2.2.x. The entries are
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+ sorted by number field.
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Krzysztof G. Baranowski
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<mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl>
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29 Jul 1998
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-Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.45. Right over the feature freeze,
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-but it is possible that some new magic numbers will sneak into the
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-kernel before 2.6.x yet.
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+ Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.45. Right over the feature freeze,
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+ but it is possible that some new magic numbers will sneak into the
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+ kernel before 2.6.x yet.
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Petr Baudis
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<pasky@ucw.cz>
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03 Nov 2002
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-Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.74.
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+ Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.74.
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Fabian Frederick
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<ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net>
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09 Jul 2003
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-Magic Name Number Structure File
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-===========================================================================
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-PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr include/linux/pg.h
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-CMAGIC 0x0111 user include/linux/a.out.h
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-MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel drivers/net/mkiss.h
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-HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc drivers/char/n_hdlc.c
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-APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c
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-CYCLADES_MAGIC 0x4359 cyclades_port include/linux/cyclades.h
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-DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
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-DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
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-FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct include/linux/fs.h
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-FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
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-ISICOM_MAGIC 0x4d54 isi_port include/linux/isicom.h
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-PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 drivers/char/pty.c
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-PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp include/linux/if_pppvar.h
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-SERIAL_MAGIC 0x5301 async_struct include/linux/serial.h
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-SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state include/linux/serial.h
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-SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip drivers/net/slip.h
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-STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip drivers/net/strip.c
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-X25_ASY_MAGIC 0x5303 x25_asy drivers/net/x25_asy.h
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-SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h
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-AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp drivers/net/mkiss.h
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-TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct include/linux/tty.h
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-MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info drivers/char/synclink.c
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-TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver include/linux/tty_driver.h
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-MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c
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-TTY_LDISC_MAGIC 0x5403 tty_ldisc include/linux/tty_ldisc.h
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-USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h
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-FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c
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-USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c
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-RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c
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-USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h
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-CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group include/linux/ufs_fs.h
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-RPORT_MAGIC 0x00525001 r_port drivers/char/rocket_int.h
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-LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse drivers/fc4/fc.c
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-GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h
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-RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 drivers/net/atarilance.c
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-NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request include/linux/nbd.h
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-RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) mm/slab.c
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-BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state drivers/net/baycom_epp.c
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-ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data
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- drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h
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-ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig include/linux/cdk.h
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-LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso drivers/fc4/fc.c
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-LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls drivers/fc4/fc.c
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-WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} include/linux/wanpipe.h
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-CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card sound/oss/cs46xx.c
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-LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h
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-ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info include/linux/isdn.h
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-CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c
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-ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h
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-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg arch/*/amiga/config.c
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-CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state sound/oss/cs46xx.c
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-SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache mm/slab.c
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-COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c
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-I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card sound/oss/i810_audio.c
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-TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card sound/oss/trident.c
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-ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in wanrouter.h pre 3.9]
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-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg arch/*/amiga/config.c
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-GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h
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-RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) mm/slab.c
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-EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev drivers/atm/lanai.c
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-HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state include/linux/hdlcdrv.h
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-PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel drivers/char/pcxx.h
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-KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h
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-I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state sound/oss/i810_audio.c
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-TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state sound/oss/trident.c
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-M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card sound/oss/maestro3.c
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-FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header drivers/atm/fore200e.h
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-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h
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-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h
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-LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device include/linux/nbd.h
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-OPROFILE_MAGIC 0x6f70726f super_block drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.h
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-M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state sound/oss/maestro3.c
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-VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track sound/core/memory.c
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-KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track sound/core/memory.c
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-PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device drivers/usb/media/pwc.h
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-NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply include/linux/nbd.h
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-ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom drivers/atm/eni.h
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-CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h
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-DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram drivers/scsi/gdth.h
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-YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c
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-CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c
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-QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c
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-QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c
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-HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class net/sched/sch_htb.c
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-NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h
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+===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
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+Magic Name Number Structure File
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+===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
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+PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h``
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+CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h``
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+MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
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+HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
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+APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
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+CYCLADES_MAGIC 0x4359 cyclades_port ``include/linux/cyclades.h``
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+DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
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+DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
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+FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h``
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+FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
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+ISICOM_MAGIC 0x4d54 isi_port ``include/linux/isicom.h``
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+PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c``
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+PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
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+SERIAL_MAGIC 0x5301 async_struct ``include/linux/serial.h``
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+SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h``
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+SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h``
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+STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c``
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+X25_ASY_MAGIC 0x5303 x25_asy ``drivers/net/x25_asy.h``
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+SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
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+AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
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+TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h``
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+MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
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+TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
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+MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
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+TTY_LDISC_MAGIC 0x5403 tty_ldisc ``include/linux/tty_ldisc.h``
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+USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
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+FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
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+USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
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+RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
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+USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
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+CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
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+RPORT_MAGIC 0x00525001 r_port ``drivers/char/rocket_int.h``
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+LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
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+GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h``
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+RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
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+NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h``
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+RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
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+BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
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+ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
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+ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h``
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+LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
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+LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
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+WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
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+CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
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+LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
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+ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h``
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+CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
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+ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
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+SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
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+CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
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+SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c``
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+COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
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+I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
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+TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c``
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+ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
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+SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
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+GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
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+RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
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+EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
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+HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
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+PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
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+KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
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+I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
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+TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c``
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+M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
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+FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
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+SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
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+SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
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+LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h``
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+OPROFILE_MAGIC 0x6f70726f super_block ``drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.h``
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+M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
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+VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
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+KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
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+PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
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+NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h``
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+ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
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+CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
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+DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h``
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+YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
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+CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
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+QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
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+QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
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+HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
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+NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
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+===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
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Note that there are also defined special per-driver magic numbers in sound
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-memory management. See include/sound/sndmagic.h for complete list of them. Many
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+memory management. See ``include/sound/sndmagic.h`` for complete list of them. Many
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OSS sound drivers have their magic numbers constructed from the soundcard PCI
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ID - these are not listed here as well.
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IrDA subsystem also uses large number of own magic numbers, see
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-include/net/irda/irda.h for a complete list of them.
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+``include/net/irda/irda.h`` for a complete list of them.
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HFS is another larger user of magic numbers - you can find them in
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-fs/hfs/hfs.h.
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+``fs/hfs/hfs.h``.
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Mauro Carvalho Chehab