device_cgroup: rework device access check and exception checking

Whenever a device file is opened and checked against current device
cgroup rules, it uses the same function (may_access()) as when a new
exception rule is added by writing devices.{allow,deny}. And in both
cases, the algorithm is the same, doesn't matter the behavior.

First problem is having device access to be considered the same as rule
checking. Consider the following structure:

	A	(default behavior: allow, exceptions disallow access)
	 \
	  B	(default behavior: allow, exceptions disallow access)

A new exception is added to B by writing devices.deny:

	c 12:34 rw

When checking if that exception is allowed in may_access():

	if (dev_cgroup->behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_ALLOW) {
		if (behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_ALLOW) {
			/* the exception will deny access to certain devices */
			return true;

Which is ok, since B is not getting more privileges than A, it doesn't
matter and the rule is accepted

Now, consider it's a device file open check and the process belongs to
cgroup B. The access will be generated as:

	behavior: allow
	exception: c 12:34 rw

The very same chunk of code will allow it, even if there's an explicit
exception telling to do otherwise.

A simple test case:

	# mkdir new_group
	# cd new_group
	# echo $$ >tasks
	# echo "c 1:3 w" >devices.deny
	# echo >/dev/null
	# echo $?
	0

This is a serious bug and was introduced on

	c39a2a3018f8 devcg: prepare may_access() for hierarchy support

To solve this problem, the device file open function was split from the
new exception check.

Second problem is how exceptions are processed by may_access(). The
first part of the said function tries to match fully with an existing
exception:

	list_for_each_entry_rcu(ex, &dev_cgroup->exceptions, list) {
		if ((refex->type & DEV_BLOCK) && !(ex->type & DEV_BLOCK))
			continue;
		if ((refex->type & DEV_CHAR) && !(ex->type & DEV_CHAR))
			continue;
		if (ex->major != ~0 && ex->major != refex->major)
			continue;
		if (ex->minor != ~0 && ex->minor != refex->minor)
			continue;
		if (refex->access & (~ex->access))
			continue;
		match = true;
		break;
	}

That means the new exception should be contained into an existing one to
be considered a match:

	New exception		Existing	match?	notes
	b 12:34 rwm		b 12:34 rwm	yes
	b 12:34 r		b *:34 rw	yes
	b 12:34 rw		b 12:34 w	no	extra "r"
	b *:34 rw		b 12:34 rw	no	too broad "*"
	b *:34 rw		b *:34 rwm	yes

Which is fine in some cases. Consider:

	A	(default behavior: deny, exceptions allow access)
	 \
	  B	(default behavior: deny, exceptions allow access)

In this case the full match makes sense, the new exception cannot add
more access than the parent allows

But this doesn't always work, consider:

	A	(default behavior: allow, exceptions disallow access)
	 \
	  B	(default behavior: deny, exceptions allow access)

In this case, a new exception in B shouldn't match any of the exceptions
in A, after all you can't allow something that was forbidden by A. But
consider this scenario:

	New exception	Existing in A	match?	outcome
	b 12:34 rw	b 12:34 r	no	exception is accepted

Because the new exception has "w" as extra, it doesn't match, so it'll
be added to B's exception list.

The same problem can happen during a file access check. Consider a
cgroup with allow as default behavior:

	Access		Exception	match?
	b 12:34 rw	b 12:34 r	no

In this case, the access didn't match any of the exceptions in the
cgroup, which is required since exceptions will disallow access.

To solve this problem, two new functions were created to match an
exception either fully or partially. In the example above, a partial
check will be performed and it'll produce a match since at least
"b 12:34 r" from "b 12:34 rw" access matches.

Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Aristeu Rozanski <arozansk@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

security/device_cgroup.c

@@ -306,57 +306,139 @@ static int devcgroup_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 }
 
 /**
- * may_access - verifies if a new exception is part of what is allowed
- *		by a dev cgroup based on the default policy +
- *		exceptions. This is used to make sure a child cgroup
- *		won't have more privileges than its parent or to
- *		verify if a certain access is allowed.
- * @dev_cgroup: dev cgroup to be tested against
- * @refex: new exception
- * @behavior: behavior of the exception
+ * match_exception	- iterates the exception list trying to match a rule
+ * 			  based on type, major, minor and access type. It is
+ * 			  considered a match if an exception is found that
+ * 			  will contain the entire range of provided parameters.
+ * @exceptions: list of exceptions
+ * @type: device type (DEV_BLOCK or DEV_CHAR)
+ * @major: device file major number, ~0 to match all
+ * @minor: device file minor number, ~0 to match all
+ * @access: permission mask (ACC_READ, ACC_WRITE, ACC_MKNOD)
+ *
+ * returns: true in case it matches an exception completely
  */
-static bool may_access(struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup,
-		       struct dev_exception_item *refex,
-		       enum devcg_behavior behavior)
+static bool match_exception(struct list_head *exceptions, short type,
+			    u32 major, u32 minor, short access)
 {
 	struct dev_exception_item *ex;
-	bool match = false;
 
-	rcu_lockdep_assert(rcu_read_lock_held() ||
-			   lockdep_is_held(&devcgroup_mutex),
-			   "device_cgroup::may_access() called without proper synchronization");
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(ex, exceptions, list) {
+		if ((type & DEV_BLOCK) && !(ex->type & DEV_BLOCK))
+			continue;
+		if ((type & DEV_CHAR) && !(ex->type & DEV_CHAR))
+			continue;
+		if (ex->major != ~0 && ex->major != major)
+			continue;
+		if (ex->minor != ~0 && ex->minor != minor)
+			continue;
+		/* provided access cannot have more than the exception rule */
+		if (access & (~ex->access))
+			continue;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * match_exception_partial - iterates the exception list trying to match a rule
+ * 			     based on type, major, minor and access type. It is
+ * 			     considered a match if an exception's range is
+ * 			     found to contain *any* of the devices specified by
+ * 			     provided parameters. This is used to make sure no
+ * 			     extra access is being granted that is forbidden by
+ * 			     any of the exception list.
+ * @exceptions: list of exceptions
+ * @type: device type (DEV_BLOCK or DEV_CHAR)
+ * @major: device file major number, ~0 to match all
+ * @minor: device file minor number, ~0 to match all
+ * @access: permission mask (ACC_READ, ACC_WRITE, ACC_MKNOD)
+ *
+ * returns: true in case the provided range mat matches an exception completely
+ */
+static bool match_exception_partial(struct list_head *exceptions, short type,
+				    u32 major, u32 minor, short access)
+{
+	struct dev_exception_item *ex;
 
-	list_for_each_entry_rcu(ex, &dev_cgroup->exceptions, list) {
-		if ((refex->type & DEV_BLOCK) && !(ex->type & DEV_BLOCK))
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(ex, exceptions, list) {
+		if ((type & DEV_BLOCK) && !(ex->type & DEV_BLOCK))
 			continue;
-		if ((refex->type & DEV_CHAR) && !(ex->type & DEV_CHAR))
+		if ((type & DEV_CHAR) && !(ex->type & DEV_CHAR))
 			continue;
-		if (ex->major != ~0 && ex->major != refex->major)
+		/*
+		 * We must be sure that both the exception and the provided
+		 * range aren't masking all devices
+		 */
+		if (ex->major != ~0 && major != ~0 && ex->major != major)
 			continue;
-		if (ex->minor != ~0 && ex->minor != refex->minor)
+		if (ex->minor != ~0 && minor != ~0 && ex->minor != minor)
 			continue;
-		if (refex->access & (~ex->access))
+		/*
+		 * In order to make sure the provided range isn't matching
+		 * an exception, all its access bits shouldn't match the
+		 * exception's access bits
+		 */
+		if (!(access & ex->access))
 			continue;
-		match = true;
-		break;
+		return true;
 	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * verify_new_ex - verifies if a new exception is part of what is allowed
+ *		   by a dev cgroup based on the default policy +
+ *		   exceptions. This is used to make sure a child cgroup
+ *		   won't have more privileges than its parent
+ * @dev_cgroup: dev cgroup to be tested against
+ * @refex: new exception
+ * @behavior: behavior of the exception's dev_cgroup
+ */
+static bool verify_new_ex(struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup,
+		          struct dev_exception_item *refex,
+		          enum devcg_behavior behavior)
+{
+	bool match = false;
+
+	rcu_lockdep_assert(rcu_read_lock_held() ||
+			   lockdep_is_held(&devcgroup_mutex),
+			   "device_cgroup:verify_new_ex called without proper synchronization");
 
 	if (dev_cgroup->behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_ALLOW) {
 		if (behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_ALLOW) {
-			/* the exception will deny access to certain devices */
+			/*
+			 * new exception in the child doesn't matter, only
+			 * adding extra restrictions
+			 */ 
 			return true;
 		} else {
-			/* the exception will allow access to certain devices */
+			/*
+			 * new exception in the child will add more devices
+			 * that can be acessed, so it can't match any of
+			 * parent's exceptions, even slightly
+			 */ 
+			match = match_exception_partial(&dev_cgroup->exceptions,
+							refex->type,
+							refex->major,
+							refex->minor,
+							refex->access);
+
 			if (match)
-				/*
-				 * a new exception allowing access shouldn't
-				 * match an parent's exception
-				 */
 				return false;
 			return true;
 		}
 	} else {
-		/* only behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_DENY allowed here */
+		/*
+		 * Only behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_DENY allowed here, therefore
+		 * the new exception will add access to more devices and must
+		 * be contained completely in an parent's exception to be
+		 * allowed
+		 */
+		match = match_exception(&dev_cgroup->exceptions, refex->type,
+					refex->major, refex->minor,
+					refex->access);
+
 		if (match)
 			/* parent has an exception that matches the proposed */
 			return true;
@@ -378,7 +460,7 @@ static int parent_has_perm(struct dev_cgroup *childcg,
 
 	if (!parent)
 		return 1;
-	return may_access(parent, ex, childcg->behavior);
+	return verify_new_ex(parent, ex, childcg->behavior);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -704,18 +786,18 @@ static int __devcgroup_check_permission(short type, u32 major, u32 minor,
 				        short access)
 {
 	struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup;
-	struct dev_exception_item ex;
-	int rc;
-
-	memset(&ex, 0, sizeof(ex));
-	ex.type = type;
-	ex.major = major;
-	ex.minor = minor;
-	ex.access = access;
+	bool rc;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	dev_cgroup = task_devcgroup(current);
-	rc = may_access(dev_cgroup, &ex, dev_cgroup->behavior);
+	if (dev_cgroup->behavior == DEVCG_DEFAULT_ALLOW)
+		/* Can't match any of the exceptions, even partially */
+		rc = !match_exception_partial(&dev_cgroup->exceptions,
+					      type, major, minor, access);
+	else
+		/* Need to match completely one exception to be allowed */
+		rc = match_exception(&dev_cgroup->exceptions, type, major,
+				     minor, access);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	if (!rc)