dccp: check sk for closed state in dccp_sendmsg()

dccp_disconnect() sets 'dp->dccps_hc_tx_ccid' tx handler to NULL,
therefore if DCCP socket is disconnected and dccp_sendmsg() is
called after it, it will cause a NULL pointer dereference in
dccp_write_xmit().

This crash and the reproducer was reported by syzbot. Looks like
it is reproduced if commit 69c64866ce07 ("dccp: CVE-2017-8824:
use-after-free in DCCP code") is applied.

Reported-by: syzbot+f99ab3887ab65d70f816@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kodanev <alexey.kodanev@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

net/dccp/proto.c

@@ -794,6 +794,11 @@ int dccp_sendmsg(struct sock *sk, struct msghdr *msg, size_t len)
 	if (skb == NULL)
 		goto out_release;
 
+	if (sk->sk_state == DCCP_CLOSED) {
+		rc = -ENOTCONN;
+		goto out_discard;
+	}
+
 	skb_reserve(skb, sk->sk_prot->max_header);
 	rc = memcpy_from_msg(skb_put(skb, len), msg, len);
 	if (rc != 0)