userfaultfd: fix SIGBUS resulting from false rwsem wakeups

With >=32 CPUs the userfaultfd selftest triggered a graceful but
unexpected SIGBUS because VM_FAULT_RETRY was returned by
handle_userfault() despite the UFFDIO_COPY wasn't completed.

This seems caused by rwsem waking the thread blocked in
handle_userfault() and we can't run up_read() before the wait_event
sequence is complete.

Keeping the wait_even sequence identical to the first one, would require
running userfaultfd_must_wait() again to know if the loop should be
repeated, and it would also require retaking the rwsem and revalidating
the whole vma status.

It seems simpler to wait the targeted wakeup so that if false wakeups
materialize we still wait for our specific wakeup event, unless of
course there are signals or the uffd was released.

Debug code collecting the stack trace of the wakeup showed this:

  $ ./userfaultfd 100 99999
  nr_pages: 25600, nr_pages_per_cpu: 800
  bounces: 99998, mode: racing ver poll, userfaults: 32 35 90 232 30 138 69 82 34 30 139 40 40 31 20 19 43 13 15 28 27 38 21 43 56 22 1 17 31 8 4 2
  bounces: 99997, mode: rnd ver poll, Bus error (core dumped)

    save_stack_trace+0x2b/0x50
    try_to_wake_up+0x2a6/0x580
    wake_up_q+0x32/0x70
    rwsem_wake+0xe0/0x120
    call_rwsem_wake+0x1b/0x30
    up_write+0x3b/0x40
    vm_mmap_pgoff+0x9c/0xc0
    SyS_mmap_pgoff+0x1a9/0x240
    SyS_mmap+0x22/0x30
    entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xbd
    0xffffffffffffffff
    FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY missing 70
  CPU: 24 PID: 1054 Comm: userfaultfd Tainted: G        W       4.8.0+ #30
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.9.3-0-ge2fc41e-prebuilt.qemu-project.org 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0xb8/0x112
    handle_userfault+0x572/0x650
    handle_mm_fault+0x12cb/0x1520
    __do_page_fault+0x175/0x500
    trace_do_page_fault+0x61/0x270
    do_async_page_fault+0x19/0x90
    async_page_fault+0x25/0x30

This always happens when the main userfault selftest thread is running
clone() while glibc runs either mprotect or mmap (both taking mmap_sem
down_write()) to allocate the thread stack of the background threads,
while locking/userfault threads already run at full throttle and are
susceptible to false wakeups that may cause handle_userfault() to return
before than expected (which results in graceful SIGBUS at the next
attempt).

This was reproduced only with >=32 CPUs because the loop to start the
thread where clone() is too quick with fewer CPUs, while with 32 CPUs
there's already significant activity on ~32 locking and userfault
threads when the last background threads are started with clone().

This >=32 CPUs SMP race condition is likely reproducible only with the
selftest because of the much heavier userfault load it generates if
compared to real apps.

We'll have to allow "one more" VM_FAULT_RETRY for the WP support and a
patch floating around that provides it also hidden this problem but in
reality only is successfully at hiding the problem.

False wakeups could still happen again the second time
handle_userfault() is invoked, even if it's a so rare race condition
that getting false wakeups twice in a row is impossible to reproduce.
This full fix is needed for correctness, the only alternative would be
to allow VM_FAULT_RETRY to be returned infinitely.  With this fix the WP
support can stick to a strict "one more" VM_FAULT_RETRY logic (no need
of returning it infinite times to avoid the SIGBUS).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170111005535.13832-2-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Shubham Kumar Sharma <shubham.kumar.sharma@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fs/userfaultfd.c

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ struct userfaultfd_wait_queue {
 	struct uffd_msg msg;
 	wait_queue_t wq;
 	struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx;
+	bool waken;
 };
 
 struct userfaultfd_wake_range {
@@ -86,6 +87,12 @@ static int userfaultfd_wake_function(wait_queue_t *wq, unsigned mode,
 	if (len && (start > uwq->msg.arg.pagefault.address ||
 		    start + len <= uwq->msg.arg.pagefault.address))
 		goto out;
+	WRITE_ONCE(uwq->waken, true);
+	/*
+	 * The implicit smp_mb__before_spinlock in try_to_wake_up()
+	 * renders uwq->waken visible to other CPUs before the task is
+	 * waken.
+	 */
 	ret = wake_up_state(wq->private, mode);
 	if (ret)
 		/*
@@ -264,6 +271,7 @@ int handle_userfault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned long reason)
 	struct userfaultfd_wait_queue uwq;
 	int ret;
 	bool must_wait, return_to_userland;
+	long blocking_state;
 
 	BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&mm->mmap_sem));
 
@@ -334,10 +342,13 @@ int handle_userfault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned long reason)
 	uwq.wq.private = current;
 	uwq.msg = userfault_msg(vmf->address, vmf->flags, reason);
 	uwq.ctx = ctx;
+	uwq.waken = false;
 
 	return_to_userland =
 		(vmf->flags & (FAULT_FLAG_USER|FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE)) ==
 		(FAULT_FLAG_USER|FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE);
+	blocking_state = return_to_userland ? TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE :
+			 TASK_KILLABLE;
 
 	spin_lock(&ctx->fault_pending_wqh.lock);
 	/*
@@ -350,8 +361,7 @@ int handle_userfault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned long reason)
 	 * following the spin_unlock to happen before the list_add in
 	 * __add_wait_queue.
 	 */
-	set_current_state(return_to_userland ? TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE :
-			  TASK_KILLABLE);
+	set_current_state(blocking_state);
 	spin_unlock(&ctx->fault_pending_wqh.lock);
 
 	must_wait = userfaultfd_must_wait(ctx, vmf->address, vmf->flags,
@@ -364,6 +374,29 @@ int handle_userfault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned long reason)
 		wake_up_poll(&ctx->fd_wqh, POLLIN);
 		schedule();
 		ret |= VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
+
+		/*
+		 * False wakeups can orginate even from rwsem before
+		 * up_read() however userfaults will wait either for a
+		 * targeted wakeup on the specific uwq waitqueue from
+		 * wake_userfault() or for signals or for uffd
+		 * release.
+		 */
+		while (!READ_ONCE(uwq.waken)) {
+			/*
+			 * This needs the full smp_store_mb()
+			 * guarantee as the state write must be
+			 * visible to other CPUs before reading
+			 * uwq.waken from other CPUs.
+			 */
+			set_current_state(blocking_state);
+			if (READ_ONCE(uwq.waken) ||
+			    READ_ONCE(ctx->released) ||
+			    (return_to_userland ? signal_pending(current) :
+			     fatal_signal_pending(current)))
+				break;
+			schedule();
+		}
 	}
 
 	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);