raid5-ppl: PPL support for disks with write-back cache enabled

In order to provide data consistency with PPL for disks with write-back
cache enabled all data has to be flushed to disks before next PPL
entry. The disks to be flushed are marked in the bitmap. It's modified
under a mutex and it's only read after PPL io unit is submitted.

A limitation of 64 disks in the array has been introduced to keep data
structures and implementation simple. RAID5 arrays with so many disks are
not likely due to high risk of multiple disks failure. Such restriction
should not be a real life limitation.

With write-back cache disabled next PPL entry is submitted when data write
for current one completes. Data flush defers next log submission so trigger
it when there are no stripes for handling found.

As PPL assures all data is flushed to disk at request completion, just
acknowledge flush request when PPL is enabled.

Signed-off-by: Tomasz Majchrzak <tomasz.majchrzak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <sh.li@alibaba-inc.com>

Documentation/md/raid5-ppl.txt

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ case the behavior is the same as in plain raid5.
 PPL is available for md version-1 metadata and external (specifically IMSM)
 metadata arrays. It can be enabled using mdadm option --consistency-policy=ppl.
 
-Currently, volatile write-back cache should be disabled on all member drives
-when using PPL. Otherwise it cannot guarantee consistency in case of power
-failure.
+There is a limitation of maximum 64 disks in the array for PPL. It allows to
+keep data structures and implementation simple. RAID5 arrays with so many disks
+are not likely due to high risk of multiple disks failure. Such restriction
+should not be a real life limitation.

drivers/md/md.c

@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ static struct md_rdev *find_rdev(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct md_rdev *find_rdev_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev)
+struct md_rdev *md_find_rdev_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev)
 {
 	struct md_rdev *rdev;
 
@@ -721,6 +721,7 @@ static struct md_rdev *find_rdev_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev)
 
 	return NULL;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(md_find_rdev_rcu);
 
 static struct md_personality *find_pers(int level, char *clevel)
 {
@@ -7010,7 +7011,7 @@ static int set_disk_faulty(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
-	rdev = find_rdev_rcu(mddev, dev);
+	rdev = md_find_rdev_rcu(mddev, dev);
 	if (!rdev)
 		err =  -ENODEV;
 	else {

drivers/md/md.h

@@ -710,6 +710,7 @@ extern void md_reload_sb(struct mddev *mddev, int raid_disk);
 extern void md_update_sb(struct mddev *mddev, int force);
 extern void md_kick_rdev_from_array(struct md_rdev * rdev);
 struct md_rdev *md_find_rdev_nr_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, int nr);
+struct md_rdev *md_find_rdev_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev);
 
 static inline void rdev_dec_pending(struct md_rdev *rdev, struct mddev *mddev)
 {

drivers/md/raid5-cache.c

@@ -1111,9 +1111,6 @@ void r5l_write_stripe_run(struct r5l_log *log)
 
 int r5l_handle_flush_request(struct r5l_log *log, struct bio *bio)
 {
-	if (!log)
-		return -ENODEV;
-
 	if (log->r5c_journal_mode == R5C_JOURNAL_MODE_WRITE_THROUGH) {
 		/*
 		 * in write through (journal only)
@@ -1592,8 +1589,6 @@ void r5l_wake_reclaim(struct r5l_log *log, sector_t space)
 void r5l_quiesce(struct r5l_log *log, int quiesce)
 {
 	struct mddev *mddev;
-	if (!log)
-		return;
 
 	if (quiesce) {
 		/* make sure r5l_write_super_and_discard_space exits */

drivers/md/raid5-log.h

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ extern int ppl_write_stripe(struct r5conf *conf, struct stripe_head *sh);
 extern void ppl_write_stripe_run(struct r5conf *conf);
 extern void ppl_stripe_write_finished(struct stripe_head *sh);
 extern int ppl_modify_log(struct r5conf *conf, struct md_rdev *rdev, bool add);
+extern void ppl_quiesce(struct r5conf *conf, int quiesce);
 
 static inline bool raid5_has_ppl(struct r5conf *conf)
 {
@@ -88,6 +89,34 @@ static inline void log_write_stripe_run(struct r5conf *conf)
 		ppl_write_stripe_run(conf);
 }
 
+static inline void log_flush_stripe_to_raid(struct r5conf *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->log)
+		r5l_flush_stripe_to_raid(conf->log);
+	else if (raid5_has_ppl(conf))
+		ppl_write_stripe_run(conf);
+}
+
+static inline int log_handle_flush_request(struct r5conf *conf, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	int ret = -ENODEV;
+
+	if (conf->log)
+		ret = r5l_handle_flush_request(conf->log, bio);
+	else if (raid5_has_ppl(conf))
+		ret = 0;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void log_quiesce(struct r5conf *conf, int quiesce)
+{
+	if (conf->log)
+		r5l_quiesce(conf->log, quiesce);
+	else if (raid5_has_ppl(conf))
+		ppl_quiesce(conf, quiesce);
+}
+
 static inline void log_exit(struct r5conf *conf)
 {
 	if (conf->log)

drivers/md/raid5-ppl.c

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@
  * (for a single member disk). New io_units are added to the end of the list
  * and the first io_unit is submitted, if it is not submitted already.
  * The current io_unit accepting new stripes is always at the end of the list.
+ *
+ * If write-back cache is enabled for any of the disks in the array, its data
+ * must be flushed before next io_unit is submitted.
  */
 
 #define PPL_SPACE_SIZE (128 * 1024)
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@ struct ppl_conf {
 	struct kmem_cache *io_kc;
 	mempool_t *io_pool;
 	struct bio_set *bs;
+	struct bio_set *flush_bs;
 
 	/* used only for recovery */
 	int recovered_entries;
@@ -128,6 +132,8 @@ struct ppl_log {
 	sector_t next_io_sector;
 	unsigned int entry_space;
 	bool use_multippl;
+	bool wb_cache_on;
+	unsigned long disk_flush_bitmap;
 };
 
 #define PPL_IO_INLINE_BVECS 32
@@ -145,6 +151,7 @@ struct ppl_io_unit {
 
 	struct list_head stripe_list;	/* stripes added to the io_unit */
 	atomic_t pending_stripes;	/* how many stripes not written to raid */
+	atomic_t pending_flushes;	/* how many disk flushes are in progress */
 
 	bool submitted;			/* true if write to log started */
 
@@ -249,6 +256,7 @@ static struct ppl_io_unit *ppl_new_iounit(struct ppl_log *log,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&io->log_sibling);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&io->stripe_list);
 	atomic_set(&io->pending_stripes, 0);
+	atomic_set(&io->pending_flushes, 0);
 	bio_init(&io->bio, io->biovec, PPL_IO_INLINE_BVECS);
 
 	pplhdr = page_address(io->header_page);
@@ -475,7 +483,18 @@ static void ppl_submit_iounit(struct ppl_io_unit *io)
 	if (log->use_multippl)
 		log->next_io_sector += (PPL_HEADER_SIZE + io->pp_size) >> 9;
 
+	WARN_ON(log->disk_flush_bitmap != 0);
+
 	list_for_each_entry(sh, &io->stripe_list, log_list) {
+		for (i = 0; i < sh->disks; i++) {
+			struct r5dev *dev = &sh->dev[i];
+
+			if ((ppl_conf->child_logs[i].wb_cache_on) &&
+			    (test_bit(R5_Wantwrite, &dev->flags))) {
+				set_bit(i, &log->disk_flush_bitmap);
+			}
+		}
+
 		/* entries for full stripe writes have no partial parity */
 		if (test_bit(STRIPE_FULL_WRITE, &sh->state))
 			continue;
@@ -540,6 +559,7 @@ static void ppl_io_unit_finished(struct ppl_io_unit *io)
 {
 	struct ppl_log *log = io->log;
 	struct ppl_conf *ppl_conf = log->ppl_conf;
+	struct r5conf *conf = ppl_conf->mddev->private;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	pr_debug("%s: seq: %llu\n", __func__, io->seq);
@@ -565,6 +585,112 @@ static void ppl_io_unit_finished(struct ppl_io_unit *io)
 	spin_unlock(&ppl_conf->no_mem_stripes_lock);
 
 	local_irq_restore(flags);
+
+	wake_up(&conf->wait_for_quiescent);
+}
+
+static void ppl_flush_endio(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct ppl_io_unit *io = bio->bi_private;
+	struct ppl_log *log = io->log;
+	struct ppl_conf *ppl_conf = log->ppl_conf;
+	struct r5conf *conf = ppl_conf->mddev->private;
+	char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+	pr_debug("%s: dev: %s\n", __func__, bio_devname(bio, b));
+
+	if (bio->bi_status) {
+		struct md_rdev *rdev;
+
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		rdev = md_find_rdev_rcu(conf->mddev, bio_dev(bio));
+		if (rdev)
+			md_error(rdev->mddev, rdev);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+	}
+
+	bio_put(bio);
+
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&io->pending_flushes)) {
+		ppl_io_unit_finished(io);
+		md_wakeup_thread(conf->mddev->thread);
+	}
+}
+
+static void ppl_do_flush(struct ppl_io_unit *io)
+{
+	struct ppl_log *log = io->log;
+	struct ppl_conf *ppl_conf = log->ppl_conf;
+	struct r5conf *conf = ppl_conf->mddev->private;
+	int raid_disks = conf->raid_disks;
+	int flushed_disks = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	atomic_set(&io->pending_flushes, raid_disks);
+
+	for_each_set_bit(i, &log->disk_flush_bitmap, raid_disks) {
+		struct md_rdev *rdev;
+		struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
+
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->disks[i].rdev);
+		if (rdev && !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags))
+			bdev = rdev->bdev;
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+
+		if (bdev) {
+			struct bio *bio;
+			char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+			bio = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO, 0, ppl_conf->flush_bs);
+			bio_set_dev(bio, bdev);
+			bio->bi_private = io;
+			bio->bi_opf = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_PREFLUSH;
+			bio->bi_end_io = ppl_flush_endio;
+
+			pr_debug("%s: dev: %s\n", __func__,
+				 bio_devname(bio, b));
+
+			submit_bio(bio);
+			flushed_disks++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	log->disk_flush_bitmap = 0;
+
+	for (i = flushed_disks ; i < raid_disks; i++) {
+		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&io->pending_flushes))
+			ppl_io_unit_finished(io);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline bool ppl_no_io_unit_submitted(struct r5conf *conf,
+					    struct ppl_log *log)
+{
+	struct ppl_io_unit *io;
+
+	io = list_first_entry_or_null(&log->io_list, struct ppl_io_unit,
+				      log_sibling);
+
+	return !io || !io->submitted;
+}
+
+void ppl_quiesce(struct r5conf *conf, int quiesce)
+{
+	struct ppl_conf *ppl_conf = conf->log_private;
+	int i;
+
+	if (quiesce) {
+		for (i = 0; i < ppl_conf->count; i++) {
+			struct ppl_log *log = &ppl_conf->child_logs[i];
+
+			spin_lock_irq(&log->io_list_lock);
+			wait_event_lock_irq(conf->wait_for_quiescent,
+					    ppl_no_io_unit_submitted(conf, log),
+					    log->io_list_lock);
+			spin_unlock_irq(&log->io_list_lock);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 void ppl_stripe_write_finished(struct stripe_head *sh)
@@ -574,8 +700,12 @@ void ppl_stripe_write_finished(struct stripe_head *sh)
 	io = sh->ppl_io;
 	sh->ppl_io = NULL;
 
-	if (io && atomic_dec_and_test(&io->pending_stripes))
-		ppl_io_unit_finished(io);
+	if (io && atomic_dec_and_test(&io->pending_stripes)) {
+		if (io->log->disk_flush_bitmap)
+			ppl_do_flush(io);
+		else
+			ppl_io_unit_finished(io);
+	}
 }
 
 static void ppl_xor(int size, struct page *page1, struct page *page2)
@@ -1108,6 +1238,8 @@ static void __ppl_exit_log(struct ppl_conf *ppl_conf)
 
 	if (ppl_conf->bs)
 		bioset_free(ppl_conf->bs);
+	if (ppl_conf->flush_bs)
+		bioset_free(ppl_conf->flush_bs);
 	mempool_destroy(ppl_conf->io_pool);
 	kmem_cache_destroy(ppl_conf->io_kc);
 
@@ -1173,6 +1305,8 @@ static int ppl_validate_rdev(struct md_rdev *rdev)
 
 static void ppl_init_child_log(struct ppl_log *log, struct md_rdev *rdev)
 {
+	struct request_queue *q;
+
 	if ((rdev->ppl.size << 9) >= (PPL_SPACE_SIZE +
 				      PPL_HEADER_SIZE) * 2) {
 		log->use_multippl = true;
@@ -1185,6 +1319,10 @@ static void ppl_init_child_log(struct ppl_log *log, struct md_rdev *rdev)
 				   PPL_HEADER_SIZE;
 	}
 	log->next_io_sector = rdev->ppl.sector;
+
+	q = bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev);
+	if (test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_WC, &q->queue_flags))
+		log->wb_cache_on = true;
 }
 
 int ppl_init_log(struct r5conf *conf)
@@ -1192,8 +1330,8 @@ int ppl_init_log(struct r5conf *conf)
 	struct ppl_conf *ppl_conf;
 	struct mddev *mddev = conf->mddev;
 	int ret = 0;
+	int max_disks;
 	int i;
-	bool need_cache_flush = false;
 
 	pr_debug("md/raid:%s: enabling distributed Partial Parity Log\n",
 		 mdname(conf->mddev));
@@ -1219,6 +1357,14 @@ int ppl_init_log(struct r5conf *conf)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
+	max_disks = FIELD_SIZEOF(struct ppl_log, disk_flush_bitmap) *
+		BITS_PER_BYTE;
+	if (conf->raid_disks > max_disks) {
+		pr_warn("md/raid:%s PPL doesn't support over %d disks in the array\n",
+			mdname(mddev), max_disks);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
 	ppl_conf = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ppl_conf), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!ppl_conf)
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -1244,6 +1390,12 @@ int ppl_init_log(struct r5conf *conf)
 		goto err;
 	}
 
+	ppl_conf->flush_bs = bioset_create(conf->raid_disks, 0, 0);
+	if (!ppl_conf->flush_bs) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
 	ppl_conf->count = conf->raid_disks;
 	ppl_conf->child_logs = kcalloc(ppl_conf->count, sizeof(struct ppl_log),
 				       GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -1275,23 +1427,14 @@ int ppl_init_log(struct r5conf *conf)
 		log->rdev = rdev;
 
 		if (rdev) {
-			struct request_queue *q;
-
 			ret = ppl_validate_rdev(rdev);
 			if (ret)
 				goto err;
 
-			q = bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev);
-			if (test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_WC, &q->queue_flags))
-				need_cache_flush = true;
 			ppl_init_child_log(log, rdev);
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (need_cache_flush)
-		pr_warn("md/raid:%s: Volatile write-back cache should be disabled on all member drives when using PPL!\n",
-			mdname(mddev));
-
 	/* load and possibly recover the logs from the member disks */
 	ret = ppl_load(ppl_conf);
 

drivers/md/raid5.c

@@ -5563,7 +5563,7 @@ static bool raid5_make_request(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio * bi)
 	bool do_flush = false;
 
 	if (unlikely(bi->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH)) {
-		int ret = r5l_handle_flush_request(conf->log, bi);
+		int ret = log_handle_flush_request(conf, bi);
 
 		if (ret == 0)
 			return true;
@@ -6168,7 +6168,7 @@ static int handle_active_stripes(struct r5conf *conf, int group,
 				break;
 		if (i == NR_STRIPE_HASH_LOCKS) {
 			spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
-			r5l_flush_stripe_to_raid(conf->log);
+			log_flush_stripe_to_raid(conf);
 			spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
 			return batch_size;
 		}
@@ -8060,7 +8060,7 @@ static void raid5_quiesce(struct mddev *mddev, int quiesce)
 		wake_up(&conf->wait_for_overlap);
 		unlock_all_device_hash_locks_irq(conf);
 	}
-	r5l_quiesce(conf->log, quiesce);
+	log_quiesce(conf, quiesce);
 }
 
 static void *raid45_takeover_raid0(struct mddev *mddev, int level)