locking/rwsem: Enable lockless waiter wakeup(s)

As wake_qs gain users, we can teach rwsems about them such that
waiters can be awoken without the wait_lock. This is for both
readers and writer, the former being the most ideal candidate
as we can batch the wakeups shortening the critical region that
much more -- ie writer task blocking a bunch of tasks waiting to
service page-faults (mmap_sem readers).

In general applying wake_qs to rwsem (xadd) is not difficult as
the wait_lock is intended to be released soon _anyways_, with
the exception of when a writer slowpath will proactively wakeup
any queued readers if it sees that the lock is owned by a reader,
in which we simply do the wakeups with the lock held (see comment
in __rwsem_down_write_failed_common()).

Similar to other locking primitives, delaying the waiter being
awoken does allow, at least in theory, the lock to be stolen in
the case of writers, however no harm was seen in this (in fact
lock stealing tends to be a _good_ thing in most workloads), and
this is a tiny window anyways.

Some page-fault (pft) and mmap_sem intensive benchmarks show some
pretty constant reduction in systime (by up to ~8 and ~10%) on a
2-socket, 12 core AMD box. In addition, on an 8-core Westmere doing
page allocations (page_test)

aim9:
	 4.6-rc6				4.6-rc6
						rwsemv2
Min      page_test   378167.89 (  0.00%)   382613.33 (  1.18%)
Min      exec_test      499.00 (  0.00%)      502.67 (  0.74%)
Min      fork_test     3395.47 (  0.00%)     3537.64 (  4.19%)
Hmean    page_test   395433.06 (  0.00%)   414693.68 (  4.87%)
Hmean    exec_test      499.67 (  0.00%)      505.30 (  1.13%)
Hmean    fork_test     3504.22 (  0.00%)     3594.95 (  2.59%)
Stddev   page_test    17426.57 (  0.00%)    26649.92 (-52.93%)
Stddev   exec_test        0.47 (  0.00%)        1.41 (-199.05%)
Stddev   fork_test       63.74 (  0.00%)       32.59 ( 48.86%)
Max      page_test   429873.33 (  0.00%)   456960.00 (  6.30%)
Max      exec_test      500.33 (  0.00%)      507.66 (  1.47%)
Max      fork_test     3653.33 (  0.00%)     3650.90 ( -0.07%)

	     4.6-rc6     4.6-rc6
			 rwsemv2
User            1.12        0.04
System          0.23        0.04
Elapsed       727.27      721.98

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Waiman.Long@hpe.com
Cc: dave@stgolabs.net
Cc: jason.low2@hp.com
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463165787-25937-2-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c

@@ -114,12 +114,16 @@ enum rwsem_wake_type {
  *   - the 'active part' of count (&0x0000ffff) reached 0 (but may have changed)
  *   - the 'waiting part' of count (&0xffff0000) is -ve (and will still be so)
  * - there must be someone on the queue
- * - the spinlock must be held by the caller
+ * - the wait_lock must be held by the caller
+ * - tasks are marked for wakeup, the caller must later invoke wake_up_q()
+ *   to actually wakeup the blocked task(s) and drop the reference count,
+ *   preferably when the wait_lock is released
  * - woken process blocks are discarded from the list after having task zeroed
- * - writers are only woken if downgrading is false
+ * - writers are only marked woken if downgrading is false
  */
 static struct rw_semaphore *
-__rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type)
+__rwsem_mark_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem,
+		  enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type, struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
 {
 	struct rwsem_waiter *waiter;
 	struct task_struct *tsk;
@@ -128,13 +132,16 @@ __rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type)
 
 	waiter = list_entry(sem->wait_list.next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);
 	if (waiter->type == RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE) {
-		if (wake_type == RWSEM_WAKE_ANY)
-			/* Wake writer at the front of the queue, but do not
-			 * grant it the lock yet as we want other writers
-			 * to be able to steal it.  Readers, on the other hand,
-			 * will block as they will notice the queued writer.
+		if (wake_type == RWSEM_WAKE_ANY) {
+			/*
+			 * Mark writer at the front of the queue for wakeup.
+			 * Until the task is actually later awoken later by
+			 * the caller, other writers are able to steal it.
+			 * Readers, on the other hand, will block as they
+			 * will notice the queued writer.
 			 */
-			wake_up_process(waiter->task);
+			wake_q_add(wake_q, waiter->task);
+		}
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -196,7 +203,7 @@ __rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type)
 		 */
 		smp_mb();
 		waiter->task = NULL;
-		wake_up_process(tsk);
+		wake_q_add(wake_q, tsk);
 		put_task_struct(tsk);
 	} while (--loop);
 
@@ -216,6 +223,7 @@ struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_read_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
 	long count, adjustment = -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS;
 	struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
 	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+	WAKE_Q(wake_q);
 
 	/* set up my own style of waitqueue */
 	waiter.task = tsk;
@@ -238,9 +246,10 @@ struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_read_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
 	if (count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS ||
 	    (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
 	     adjustment != -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS))
-		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);
+		sem = __rwsem_mark_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY, &wake_q);
 
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
+	wake_up_q(&wake_q);
 
 	/* wait to be given the lock */
 	while (true) {
@@ -440,6 +449,7 @@ __rwsem_down_write_failed_common(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int state)
 	bool waiting = true; /* any queued threads before us */
 	struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
 	struct rw_semaphore *ret = sem;
+	WAKE_Q(wake_q);
 
 	/* undo write bias from down_write operation, stop active locking */
 	count = rwsem_atomic_update(-RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS, sem);
@@ -472,8 +482,19 @@ __rwsem_down_write_failed_common(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int state)
 		 * no active writers, the lock must be read owned; so we try to
 		 * wake any read locks that were queued ahead of us.
 		 */
-		if (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)
-			sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READERS);
+		if (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS) {
+			WAKE_Q(wake_q);
+
+			sem = __rwsem_mark_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READERS, &wake_q);
+			/*
+			 * The wakeup is normally called _after_ the wait_lock
+			 * is released, but given that we are proactively waking
+			 * readers we can deal with the wake_q overhead as it is
+			 * similar to releasing and taking the wait_lock again
+			 * for attempting rwsem_try_write_lock().
+			 */
+			wake_up_q(&wake_q);
+		}
 
 	} else
 		count = rwsem_atomic_update(RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, sem);
@@ -509,8 +530,9 @@ out_nolock:
 	if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
 		rwsem_atomic_update(-RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, sem);
 	else
-		__rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);
+		__rwsem_mark_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY, &wake_q);
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
+	wake_up_q(&wake_q);
 
 	return ERR_PTR(-EINTR);
 }
@@ -537,6 +559,7 @@ __visible
 struct rw_semaphore *rwsem_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
+	WAKE_Q(wake_q);
 
 	/*
 	 * If a spinner is present, it is not necessary to do the wakeup.
@@ -573,9 +596,10 @@ locked:
 
 	/* do nothing if list empty */
 	if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
-		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);
+		sem = __rwsem_mark_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY, &wake_q);
 
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
+	wake_up_q(&wake_q);
 
 	return sem;
 }
@@ -590,14 +614,16 @@ __visible
 struct rw_semaphore *rwsem_downgrade_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
+	WAKE_Q(wake_q);
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
 
 	/* do nothing if list empty */
 	if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
-		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED);
+		sem = __rwsem_mark_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED, &wake_q);
 
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
+	wake_up_q(&wake_q);
 
 	return sem;
 }