xfs: ensure WB_SYNC_ALL writeback handles partial pages correctly

XFS has been having trouble with stray delayed allocation extents
beyond EOF for a long time. Recent changes to the collapse range
code has triggered erroneous EBUSY errors on page invalidtion for
block size smaller than page size filesystems. These
have been caused by dirty buffers beyond EOF on a partial page which
do not get written to disk during a sync.

The issue is that write-ahead in xfs_cluster_write() finds such a
partial page and handles it by leaving the page dirty but pushing it
into a writeback state. This used to work just fine, as the
write_cache_pages() code would then find the dirty partial page in
the next mapping tree lookup as the dirty tag is still set.

Unfortunately, when we moved to a mark and sweep approach to
writeback to fix other writeback sync issues, we broken this. THe
act of marking the page as under writeback now clears the TOWRITE
tag in the radix tree, even though the page is still dirty. This
causes the TOWRITE tag to be cleared, and hence the next lookup on
the mapping tree does not find the dirty partial page and so doesn't
try to write it again.

This same writeback bug was found recently in ext4 and fixed in
commit 1c8349a ("ext4: fix data integrity sync in ordered mode")
without communication to the wider filesystem community. We can use
exactly the same fix here so the TOWRITE flag is not cleared on
partial page writes.

cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # dependent on 1c8349a17137b93f0a83f276c764a6df1b9a116e
Root-cause-found-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>

fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c

@@ -434,10 +434,22 @@ xfs_start_page_writeback(
 {
 	ASSERT(PageLocked(page));
 	ASSERT(!PageWriteback(page));
-	if (clear_dirty)
+
+	/*
+	 * if the page was not fully cleaned, we need to ensure that the higher
+	 * layers come back to it correctly. That means we need to keep the page
+	 * dirty, and for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback we need to ensure the
+	 * PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE index mark is not removed so another attempt to
+	 * write this page in this writeback sweep will be made.
+	 */
+	if (clear_dirty) {
 		clear_page_dirty_for_io(page);
-	set_page_writeback(page);
+		set_page_writeback(page);
+	} else
+		set_page_writeback_keepwrite(page);
+
 	unlock_page(page);
+
 	/* If no buffers on the page are to be written, finish it here */
 	if (!buffers)
 		end_page_writeback(page);