xfs: implement CoW for directio writes

For O_DIRECT writes to shared blocks, we have to CoW them just like
we would with buffered writes.  For writes that are not block-aligned,
just bounce them to the page cache.

For block-aligned writes, however, we can do better than that.  Use
the same mechanisms that we employ for buffered CoW to set up a
delalloc reservation, allocate all the blocks at once, issue the
writes against the new blocks and use the same ioend functions to
remap the blocks after the write.  This should be fairly performant.

Christoph discovered that xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range may stumble
over invalid entries in the extent array given that it drops the ilock
but still expects the index to be stable.  Simple fixing it to a new
lookup for every iteration still isn't correct given that
xfs_bmapi_allocate will trigger a BUG_ON() if hitting a hole, and
there is nothing preventing a xfs_bunmapi_cow call removing extents
once we dropped the ilock either.

This patch duplicates the inner loop of xfs_bmapi_allocate into a
helper for xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range so that it can be done under
the same ilock critical section as our CoW fork delayed allocation.
The directio CoW warts will be revisited in a later patch.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 /* flags for direct write completions */
 #define XFS_DIO_FLAG_UNWRITTEN	(1 << 0)
 #define XFS_DIO_FLAG_APPEND	(1 << 1)
+#define XFS_DIO_FLAG_COW	(1 << 2)
 
 /*
  * structure owned by writepages passed to individual writepage calls
@@ -1190,18 +1191,24 @@ xfs_map_direct(
 	struct inode		*inode,
 	struct buffer_head	*bh_result,
 	struct xfs_bmbt_irec	*imap,
-	xfs_off_t		offset)
+	xfs_off_t		offset,
+	bool			is_cow)
 {
 	uintptr_t		*flags = (uintptr_t *)&bh_result->b_private;
 	xfs_off_t		size = bh_result->b_size;
 
 	trace_xfs_get_blocks_map_direct(XFS_I(inode), offset, size,
-		ISUNWRITTEN(imap) ? XFS_IO_UNWRITTEN : XFS_IO_OVERWRITE, imap);
+		ISUNWRITTEN(imap) ? XFS_IO_UNWRITTEN : is_cow ? XFS_IO_COW :
+		XFS_IO_OVERWRITE, imap);
 
 	if (ISUNWRITTEN(imap)) {
 		*flags |= XFS_DIO_FLAG_UNWRITTEN;
 		set_buffer_defer_completion(bh_result);
-	} else if (offset + size > i_size_read(inode) || offset + size < 0) {
+	} else if (is_cow) {
+		*flags |= XFS_DIO_FLAG_COW;
+		set_buffer_defer_completion(bh_result);
+	}
+	if (offset + size > i_size_read(inode) || offset + size < 0) {
 		*flags |= XFS_DIO_FLAG_APPEND;
 		set_buffer_defer_completion(bh_result);
 	}
@@ -1247,6 +1254,44 @@ xfs_map_trim_size(
 	bh_result->b_size = mapping_size;
 }
 
+/* Bounce unaligned directio writes to the page cache. */
+static int
+xfs_bounce_unaligned_dio_write(
+	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
+	xfs_fileoff_t		offset_fsb,
+	struct xfs_bmbt_irec	*imap)
+{
+	struct xfs_bmbt_irec	irec;
+	xfs_fileoff_t		delta;
+	bool			shared;
+	bool			x;
+	int			error;
+
+	irec = *imap;
+	if (offset_fsb > irec.br_startoff) {
+		delta = offset_fsb - irec.br_startoff;
+		irec.br_blockcount -= delta;
+		irec.br_startblock += delta;
+		irec.br_startoff = offset_fsb;
+	}
+	error = xfs_reflink_trim_around_shared(ip, &irec, &shared, &x);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	/*
+	 * We're here because we're trying to do a directio write to a
+	 * region that isn't aligned to a filesystem block.  If any part
+	 * of the extent is shared, fall back to buffered mode to handle
+	 * the RMW.  This is done by returning -EREMCHG ("remote addr
+	 * changed"), which is caught further up the call stack.
+	 */
+	if (shared) {
+		trace_xfs_reflink_bounce_dio_write(ip, imap);
+		return -EREMCHG;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 STATIC int
 __xfs_get_blocks(
 	struct inode		*inode,
@@ -1266,6 +1311,8 @@ __xfs_get_blocks(
 	xfs_off_t		offset;
 	ssize_t			size;
 	int			new = 0;
+	bool			is_cow = false;
+	bool			need_alloc = false;
 
 	BUG_ON(create && !direct);
 
@@ -1291,8 +1338,26 @@ __xfs_get_blocks(
 	end_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, (xfs_ufsize_t)offset + size);
 	offset_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(mp, offset);
 
-	error = xfs_bmapi_read(ip, offset_fsb, end_fsb - offset_fsb,
-				&imap, &nimaps, XFS_BMAPI_ENTIRE);
+	if (create && direct && xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip))
+		is_cow = xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping(ip, offset, &imap,
+					&need_alloc);
+	if (!is_cow) {
+		error = xfs_bmapi_read(ip, offset_fsb, end_fsb - offset_fsb,
+					&imap, &nimaps, XFS_BMAPI_ENTIRE);
+		/*
+		 * Truncate an overwrite extent if there's a pending CoW
+		 * reservation before the end of this extent.  This
+		 * forces us to come back to get_blocks to take care of
+		 * the CoW.
+		 */
+		if (create && direct && nimaps &&
+		    imap.br_startblock != HOLESTARTBLOCK &&
+		    imap.br_startblock != DELAYSTARTBLOCK &&
+		    !ISUNWRITTEN(&imap))
+			xfs_reflink_trim_irec_to_next_cow(ip, offset_fsb,
+					&imap);
+	}
+	ASSERT(!need_alloc);
 	if (error)
 		goto out_unlock;
 
@@ -1344,6 +1409,13 @@ __xfs_get_blocks(
 	if (imap.br_startblock != HOLESTARTBLOCK &&
 	    imap.br_startblock != DELAYSTARTBLOCK &&
 	    (create || !ISUNWRITTEN(&imap))) {
+		if (create && direct && !is_cow) {
+			error = xfs_bounce_unaligned_dio_write(ip, offset_fsb,
+					&imap);
+			if (error)
+				return error;
+		}
+
 		xfs_map_buffer(inode, bh_result, &imap, offset);
 		if (ISUNWRITTEN(&imap))
 			set_buffer_unwritten(bh_result);
@@ -1352,7 +1424,8 @@ __xfs_get_blocks(
 			if (dax_fault)
 				ASSERT(!ISUNWRITTEN(&imap));
 			else
-				xfs_map_direct(inode, bh_result, &imap, offset);
+				xfs_map_direct(inode, bh_result, &imap, offset,
+						is_cow);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1478,7 +1551,10 @@ xfs_end_io_direct_write(
 		trace_xfs_end_io_direct_write_unwritten(ip, offset, size);
 
 		error = xfs_iomap_write_unwritten(ip, offset, size);
-	} else if (flags & XFS_DIO_FLAG_APPEND) {
+	}
+	if (flags & XFS_DIO_FLAG_COW)
+		error = xfs_reflink_end_cow(ip, offset, size);
+	if (flags & XFS_DIO_FLAG_APPEND) {
 		trace_xfs_end_io_direct_write_append(ip, offset, size);
 
 		error = xfs_setfilesize(ip, offset, size);

fs/xfs/xfs_file.c

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "xfs_icache.h"
 #include "xfs_pnfs.h"
 #include "xfs_iomap.h"
+#include "xfs_reflink.h"
 
 #include <linux/dcache.h>
 #include <linux/falloc.h>
@@ -673,6 +674,13 @@ xfs_file_dio_aio_write(
 
 	trace_xfs_file_direct_write(ip, count, iocb->ki_pos);
 
+	/* If this is a block-aligned directio CoW, remap immediately. */
+	if (xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip) && !unaligned_io) {
+		ret = xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range(ip, iocb->ki_pos, count);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
 	data = *from;
 	ret = __blockdev_direct_IO(iocb, inode, target->bt_bdev, &data,
 			xfs_get_blocks_direct, xfs_end_io_direct_write,
@@ -813,10 +821,20 @@ xfs_file_write_iter(
 
 	if (IS_DAX(inode))
 		ret = xfs_file_dax_write(iocb, from);
-	else if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT)
+	else if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
+		/*
+		 * Allow a directio write to fall back to a buffered
+		 * write *only* in the case that we're doing a reflink
+		 * CoW.  In all other directio scenarios we do not
+		 * allow an operation to fall back to buffered mode.
+		 */
 		ret = xfs_file_dio_aio_write(iocb, from);
-	else
+		if (ret == -EREMCHG)
+			goto buffered;
+	} else {
+buffered:
 		ret = xfs_file_buffered_aio_write(iocb, from);
+	}
 
 	if (ret > 0) {
 		XFS_STATS_ADD(ip->i_mount, xs_write_bytes, ret);

fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.c

@@ -229,7 +229,8 @@ static int
 __xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(
 	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
 	xfs_fileoff_t		*offset_fsb,
-	xfs_fileoff_t		end_fsb)
+	xfs_fileoff_t		end_fsb,
+	bool			*skipped)
 {
 	struct xfs_bmbt_irec	got, prev, imap;
 	xfs_fileoff_t		orig_end_fsb;
@@ -262,8 +263,10 @@ __xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(
 	end_fsb = orig_end_fsb = imap.br_startoff + imap.br_blockcount;
 
 	/* Not shared?  Just report the (potentially capped) extent. */
-	if (!shared)
+	if (!shared) {
+		*skipped = true;
 		goto done;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Fork all the shared blocks from our write offset until the end of
@@ -309,6 +312,7 @@ xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range(
 {
 	struct xfs_mount	*mp = ip->i_mount;
 	xfs_fileoff_t		offset_fsb, end_fsb;
+	bool			skipped = false;
 	int			error;
 
 	trace_xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range(ip, offset, count);
@@ -318,7 +322,8 @@ xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range(
 
 	xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
 	while (offset_fsb < end_fsb) {
-		error = __xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(ip, &offset_fsb, end_fsb);
+		error = __xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(ip, &offset_fsb, end_fsb,
+				&skipped);
 		if (error) {
 			trace_xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range_error(ip, error,
 				_RET_IP_);
@@ -330,6 +335,102 @@ xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range(
 	return error;
 }
 
+/* Allocate all CoW reservations covering a range of blocks in a file. */
+static int
+__xfs_reflink_allocate_cow(
+	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
+	xfs_fileoff_t		*offset_fsb,
+	xfs_fileoff_t		end_fsb)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = ip->i_mount;
+	struct xfs_bmbt_irec	imap;
+	struct xfs_defer_ops	dfops;
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
+	xfs_fsblock_t		first_block;
+	xfs_fileoff_t		next_fsb;
+	int			nimaps = 1, error;
+	bool			skipped = false;
+
+	xfs_defer_init(&dfops, &first_block);
+
+	error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_write, 0, 0,
+			XFS_TRANS_RESERVE, &tp);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
+
+	next_fsb = *offset_fsb;
+	error = __xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(ip, &next_fsb, end_fsb, &skipped);
+	if (error)
+		goto out_trans_cancel;
+
+	if (skipped) {
+		*offset_fsb = next_fsb;
+		goto out_trans_cancel;
+	}
+
+	xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
+	error = xfs_bmapi_write(tp, ip, *offset_fsb, next_fsb - *offset_fsb,
+			XFS_BMAPI_COWFORK, &first_block,
+			XFS_EXTENTADD_SPACE_RES(mp, XFS_DATA_FORK),
+			&imap, &nimaps, &dfops);
+	if (error)
+		goto out_trans_cancel;
+
+	/* We might not have been able to map the whole delalloc extent */
+	*offset_fsb = min(*offset_fsb + imap.br_blockcount, next_fsb);
+
+	error = xfs_defer_finish(&tp, &dfops, NULL);
+	if (error)
+		goto out_trans_cancel;
+
+	error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
+
+out_unlock:
+	xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
+	return error;
+out_trans_cancel:
+	xfs_defer_cancel(&dfops);
+	xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
+	goto out_unlock;
+}
+
+/* Allocate all CoW reservations covering a part of a file. */
+int
+xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range(
+	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
+	xfs_off_t		offset,
+	xfs_off_t		count)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = ip->i_mount;
+	xfs_fileoff_t		offset_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(mp, offset);
+	xfs_fileoff_t		end_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, offset + count);
+	int			error;
+
+	ASSERT(xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip));
+
+	trace_xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range(ip, offset, count);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that the dquots are there.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_qm_dqattach(ip, 0);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	while (offset_fsb < end_fsb) {
+		error = __xfs_reflink_allocate_cow(ip, &offset_fsb, end_fsb);
+		if (error) {
+			trace_xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range_error(ip, error,
+					_RET_IP_);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return error;
+}
+
 /*
  * Find the CoW reservation (and whether or not it needs block allocation)
  * for a given byte offset of a file.

fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.h

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ extern int xfs_reflink_trim_around_shared(struct xfs_inode *ip,
 
 extern int xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range(struct xfs_inode *ip,
 		xfs_off_t offset, xfs_off_t count);
+extern int xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range(struct xfs_inode *ip,
+		xfs_off_t offset, xfs_off_t count);
 extern bool xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping(struct xfs_inode *ip, xfs_off_t offset,
 		struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap, bool *need_alloc);
 extern int xfs_reflink_trim_irec_to_next_cow(struct xfs_inode *ip,

fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h

@@ -3335,7 +3335,6 @@ DEFINE_INODE_IREC_EVENT(xfs_reflink_cow_enospc);
 
 DEFINE_RW_EVENT(xfs_reflink_reserve_cow_range);
 DEFINE_RW_EVENT(xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range);
-DEFINE_INODE_IREC_EVENT(xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_extent);
 
 DEFINE_INODE_IREC_EVENT(xfs_reflink_bounce_dio_write);
 DEFINE_IOMAP_EVENT(xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping);